MLS Health and Nutrition Research
Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2022)
ISSN: 2952-2471
Impacto del consumo de aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAA) en la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Publicado May 3, 2023
Resumen
Niveles circulantes elevados de aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAA) han sido descritos como un fuerte factor predictor de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) por su implicación en la resistencia a la insulina (RI). El principal objetivo es evaluar si una dieta rica en estos aminoácidos supone un riesgo para el desarrollo de DM2. Material y métodos: Esta revisión bibliográfica se ha sustentado en artículos científicos seleccionados de diferentes bases de datos, entre las que destaca PubMed. Un total de 23 artículos fueron estudiados en profundidad. Resultados y discusión: Una mayor ingesta de BCAA ha presentado una asociación positiva en el desarrollo de la DM2, principalmente si esta proviene de alimentos de origen animal. Asimismo, su restricción selectiva produce cierta mejora en la fisiopatología de la DM2 sin verse comprometida la ingesta de otros nutrientes esenciales. Por el contrario, no se ha observado que los protocolos de suplementación con BCAA presenten repercusiones negativas para la salud. La ingesta de BCAA si parece estar asociada a un mayor riesgo de padecer DM2; pero esta asociación no puede estudiarse de forma aislada, sino que debe considerarse parte de una interacción compleja de componentes dietéticos, en la cual, la calidad nutricional de los alimentos adquiere un importante papel.
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Tejido Ruiz-Ogarrio, C. (2023). Impacto del consumo de aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAA) en la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. MLS Health and Nutrition Research, 1(2). Recuperado a partir de https://www.mlsjournals.com/MLS-Health-Nutrition/article/view/1602
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3. Diabetes tipo 2 [Internet]. [citado 22 de febrero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.idf.org/aboutdiabetes/type-2-diabetes.html
4. Tipos de diabetes [Internet]. Federación Española de Diabetes FEDE. [citado 22 de febrero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://fedesp.es/diabetes/tipos/
5. Petersmann A, Müller-Wieland D, Müller UA, Landgraf R, Nauck M, Freckmann G, et al. Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes Off J Ger Soc Endocrinol Ger Diabetes Assoc. diciembre de 2019;127(S 01):S1-7.
6. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, Draznin B, Aroda VR, Bakris G, Benson G, Brown FM, et al. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 1 de enero de 2022;45(Suppl 1):S83-96.
7. Magliano DJ, Islam RM, Barr ELM, Gregg EW, Pavkov ME, Harding JL, et al. Trends in incidence of total or type 2 diabetes: systematic review. BMJ. 11 de septiembre de 2019;366:l5003.
8. American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 4 de diciembre de 2020;44(Supplement_1):S15-33.
9. Ahola-Olli AV, Mustelin L, Kalimeri M, Kettunen J, Jokelainen J, Auvinen J, et al. Circulating metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 11,896 young adults from four Finnish cohorts. Diabetologia. 2019;62(12):2298-309.
10. Wittenbecher C, Guasch-Ferré M, Haslam DE, Dennis C, Li J, Bhupathiraju SN, et al. Changes in metabolomics profiles over ten years and subsequent risk of developing type 2 diabetes: Results from the Nurses’ Health Study. EBioMedicine. 31 de diciembre de 2021;75:103799.
11. Long J, Yang Z, Wang L, Han Y, Peng C, Yan C, et al. Metabolite biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 23 de noviembre de 2020;20:174.
12. Neinast M, Murashige D, Arany Z. Branched Chain Amino Acids. Annu Rev Physiol. 10 de febrero de 2019;81:139-64.
13. Vieira EES, Pereira IC, Braz AF, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, de Oliveira Torres LR, de Freitas Brito A, et al. Food consumption of branched chain amino acids and insulin resistance: A systematic review of observational studies in humans. Clin Nutr ESPEN. diciembre de 2020;40:277-81.
14. Asghari G, Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Tohidi M, Azizi F. High dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in adults. J Diabetes. mayo de 2018;10(5):357-64.
15. Okekunle AP, Wu X, Duan W, Feng R, Li Y, Sun C. Dietary Intakes of Branched-Chained Amino Acid and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: The Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Study. Can J Diabetes. octubre de 2018;42(5):484-492.e7.
16. American Diabetes Association. 5. Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 7 de diciembre de 2018;42(Supplement_1):S46-60.
17. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 24 de septiembre de 2022;
18. Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Itsiopoulos C. Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis NMCD. junio de 2019;29(6):531-43.
19. Schwingshackl L, Chaimani A, Hoffmann G, Schwedhelm C, Boeing H. A network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(2):157-70.
20. Lewgood J, Oliveira B, Korzepa M, Forbes SC, Little JP, Breen L, et al. Efficacy of Dietary and Supplementation Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 12 de julio de 2021;13(7):2378.
21. Zhao WT, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao TT. High protein diet is of benefit for patients with type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). noviembre de 2018;97(46):e13149.
22. Malaeb S, Bakker C, Chow LS, Bantle AE. High-Protein Diets for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr Bethesda Md. 1 de julio de 2019;10(4):621-33.
23. Yu Z, Nan F, Wang LY, Jiang H, Chen W, Jiang Y. Effects of high-protein diet on glycemic control, insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. junio de 2020;39(6):1724-34.
24. Ye J, Yu Q, Mai W, Liang P, Liu X, Wang Y. Dietary protein intake and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Acta Diabetol. agosto de 2019;56(8):851-70.
25. Tian S, Xu Q, Jiang R, Han T, Sun C, Na L. Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutrients. 6 de septiembre de 2017;9(9):982.
26. Rousseau M, Guénard F, Garneau V, Allam-Ndoul B, Lemieux S, Pérusse L, et al. Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults. Nutrients. 15 de enero de 2019;11(1):E173.
27. Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci. 5 de abril de 2022;23(7):4022.
28. Holeček M. Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements. Nutr Metab. 2018;15:33.
29. Rifai N. Tietz Textbook of Laboratory Medicine. 7.a ed. ElServier; 2022.
30. Nie C, He T, Zhang W, Zhang G, Ma X. Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 23 de marzo de 2018;19(4):954.
31. Siddik MAB, Shin AC. Recent Progress on Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Obesity, Diabetes, and Beyond. Endocrinol Metab. septiembre de 2019;34(3):234-46.
32. Holeček M. Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes? Nutrients. octubre de 2020;12(10):3087.
33. Arany Z, Neinast M. Branched Chain Amino Acids in Metabolic Disease. Curr Diab Rep. 15 de agosto de 2018;18(10):76.
34. Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 20 de septiembre de 2021;1-39.
35. Felig P, Marliss E, Cahill GF. Plasma amino acid levels and insulin secretion in obesity. N Engl J Med. 9 de octubre de 1969;281(15):811-6.
36. Adibi SA. Influence of dietary deprivations on plasma concentration of free amino acids of man. J Appl Physiol. julio de 1968;25(1):52-7.
37. Lee SH, Park SY, Choi CS. Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diabetes Metab J. enero de 2022;46(1):15-37.
38. Thomas DD, Corkey BE, Istfan NW, Apovian CM. Hyperinsulinemia: An Early Indicator of Metabolic Dysfunction. J Endocr Soc. 1 de septiembre de 2019;3(9):1727-47.
39. Adeva-Andany MM, González-Lucán M, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, Seco-Filgueira M, Pedre-Piñeiro AM. Effect of diet composition on insulin sensitivity in humans. Clin Nutr ESPEN. octubre de 2019;33:29-38.
40. Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Mokhtari E, Azizi F. The association of dietary insulin and glycemic indices with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. abril de 2021;40(4):2138-44.
41. Rivera ME, Rivera CN, Vaughan RA. Branched-chain amino acids at supraphysiological but not physiological levels reduce myotube insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. febrero de 2022;38(2):e3490.
42. White PJ, McGarrah RW, Herman MA, Bain JR, Shah SH, Newgard CB. Insulin action, type 2 diabetes, and branched-chain amino acids: A two-way street. Mol Metab. 24 de mayo de 2021;52:101261.
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