MLS Psychology Research
Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2019)
ISSN: 2605-5295
Papel del trabajo remunerado no agrícola en la productividad agrícola y bienestar. Evidencias de las provincias de Gaza y Maputo, al sur de Mozambique en 2015
Publicado Jun 5, 2019
Resumen
Para viabilizar las condiciones de vida, proprietarios de las pequeñas y medianas explotaciones agrarias participan en actividades no agrícolas, como trabajo remunerado, reduciendo así el tiempo dedicado a la agricultura, situación que provoca inseguridad alimentaria, pero en otros casos aumenta su productividad agrícola y bienestar.Este artículo evalúa la importancia y los determinantes del trabajo remunerado no agrícola (TRNA) en la productividad agrícola y el bienestar de los agricultores familiares de Gaza y Maputo, sur de Mozambique, basado en los resultados de la encuesta agraria integrada 2015, realizado por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria. Para ello, fueron estimadas las familias participantes del TRNA, segmentado por los indicadores socio-demográficos, proceso productivo y bienestar por provincia. Los resultados revelan que el 55,4% de las explotaciones se ocuparon en 2015 del TRNA, una gran contribución al empleo. Los factores asociados a esa participación fueron la edad relativamente baja, tamaño numeroso de la familia, responsable familiar del sexo masculino, no casado, escolaridad relativamente alta, pequeña extensión de la tierra cultivada y baja reserva alimentaria. Esta situación contribuiu para una mayor productividad agrícola, así como a mejorar el bienestar familiar entre los participantes del TRNA, en términos de acceso a agua potable, animales domésticos, teléfono móvil y bicicleta. Este hecho propició una autoevaluación favorable de la situación económica del hogar en comparación con los tres años anteriores, lo que sugiere que el trabajo remunerado no agrícola combinado con agricultura puede constituir una estrategia política sostenible del desarrollo rural.
Palabras clave:
Pequeñas y medianas explotaciones, trabajo remunerado, productividad agrícola, bienestar
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Cossa, A. (2019). Papel del trabajo remunerado no agrícola en la productividad agrícola y bienestar. Evidencias de las provincias de Gaza y Maputo, al sur de Mozambique en 2015. MLS Psychology Research, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v2i1.164
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Kaur, S., Kulkarni, V.S., Gaiha, R. & Pandey, M.K. (2010). Prospects of Non-Farm Employment and Welfare in Rural Areas. Working Paper. Retrieved from https://crawford.anu.edu.au/acde/asarc/pdf/papers/2010/WP2010_05.pdf
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Nascimento, C.A.Do. (2005). Pluriactividade, pobreza rural e políticas públicas. (Tese de doutorado Universidade Estadual de Campinas). Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/
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Paudel, Krishna. (2002). Part time Farming, Farm Productivity, and Farm Income: Evidence from The Southeast US. The American Agricultural Economics Association´s Annual Meeting Document, July 2002:1-10.
Rantšo, T.A. (2016). The role of the non-farm sector in rural development in Lesotho. J.of Modern African Studies, 54(2), 317–378. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X16000197
Reardon, T. (2015). Rural non-farm income in developing countries. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/públication/247437478
Reardon, T. (1997). Using evidence of household income diversification to inform study of the rural nonfarm labor market in Africa. World Development, 25(5), 735-748. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
Schneider, S. (2003). Teoria social, agricultura familiar e pluriatividade. Revista brasileira de ciências sociais, 18(2), 99-121. Retrieved from https://www.Scielo.br/pdf/
Schneider, S. (1999). Agricultura familiar e pluriactividade.(Tese de Doutoramento da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul). Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Sociologia – Porto Alegre.
Silva, L.R. D., & Kodithuwakku, S. (2010). Pluriactivity, entrepreneurship and socio-economic success of rural households. Manchester Business School Working Paper, Nº 596. Retrieved from https://www.mbs.ac.uk/research/workingpapers/
Silva, L.R. D & S. Kodithuwakku. (2005). Pluriactivity and Socio-economic Success of Rural Households.Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics, 7(1), 85-108.
United Nations Statistics Division. (2004). International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4. Retrieved from https://www.cepal.org/deype/
Zhu, N., & Luo, X. (2005). Impacts of non-farm income on inequality and poverty: the case of rural China. Retrieved from https://www.demoscope.ru/weeklykinigi/tours
Awoniyi, O.A., & Salman, K.K. (2011). Non-Farm Income Diversification and Welfare Status of Rural Households in South West Zone of Nigeria. Retrieved from https://addis2011.ifpri.info/files
Babatunde, R.O. (2015). On-farm and off-farm Works: complements or substitutes? Evidence from Rural Nigeria. Working paper nº2. Retrieved from https://www.msm-nlmsm-wp2015-02.pdf
Bartlett, P.F. (1986). Part Time farming: Saving the farm or saving the life style. Rural Sociology, 51 (1986), 289-313.
Barrett, C.B., Reardon, T., & Webb, P. (2001). Nonfarm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: concepts, dynamics, and policy implications. Food Policy, 26(1), 315–333. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/locate/foodpol.
Barrett, C.B., & Reardon, T. (2000). Asset, Activity, and income Diversification among African agriculturalist: Some pratical issues. Retrieved from https:// web.worldbank.org/archive/website01066/
Bezu, S., Barrett, C.B., & Holden, S.T. (2012). Does the nonfarm economy offer pathways for upward mobility? Evidence from a panel data study in Ethiopia. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35754/
Blad, M. (2014). Pluriactivities on familyfarms. Wieś I Rolnictwo, 4 (165) 45-59. Retrieved from https://www.ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/
Boughton, D., Mather, D., Tschirley, D., Walker, T., Cunguara, B., & Payongayong, E. (2006). Changes in Rural Household Income Patterns in Mozambique, 1996-2002, and Implications for Agriculture’s Contribution to Poverty Reduction. Research Report. Ministry of Agriculture. Maputo.
Bryceso, D.F. (2002). Multiplex livelihoods in rural Africa: Recasting the terms and conditions of gainful employment. The Journal of Modern Studies, (3) 2002. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/públication/231919389
Cardoso, J.G. (2013). Agricultura familiar, Pluriactividade e políticas públicas na região do nordeste e sul do Brasil nos anos 1990 e 2000: Trajectórias e desafios. (Tese de doutorado Universidade Federal de Uberlândia). Retrieved from https://www.reformaarariaemdados.org.br
Chikwama, C. (2004). Rural Off-Farm Employment and Farm Investment: An Analytical Framework and Evidence from Zimbabwe. Discussion Paper. Retrieved from https://www.agecon earch.umn.edu/bitstream
Cunguara, B. (2011). Assessing strategies to reduce poverty in rural Mozambique. (Doctoral Thesis). University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences. Viena. Retrieved from https://www.wiso.boku.ac.at/fileadmin/data/h03000/h730000/pub
Cunguara, B., Langyntuo, A., & Dranhofer, I. (2011). The role of nonfarm income in coping with the effects of drought in Southern Mozambique. Agricultural Economics, 42(11), 701-713. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2011.00542.x
Dary, S.K., & Kuunibe, N. (2012). Participation in Rural Non-Farm Economic Activities in Ghana. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(8). Retrieved from https://www.Ajijcrnet.com/journals
Davis, J. (2006). Rural non-farm livelihoods in transition economies: emerging issues and policies. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 3(2) 180–224. Retrieved from https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/112606/files/ah756e00.pdf
Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and diversity in Developing Countries. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.mz/books?id=gCKQs-3NKhUC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-PT
Feijó, J., & Agy, A. (2015). Do modo de vida camponês à pluriactividade - impacto do assalariamento urbano na economia familiar rural. Observatório do meio rural. Documento de trabalho Nº30. Retrieved from https://omrmz.org/omrweb/publicacoes/
Fuller, A.M. (1990). From part-time farming to pluriactivity: a decade of change in Rural Europe.Journal of Rural Studies 6, 361-373. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/074301679090049E
Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., & Reardon, T. (2010). The rural non-farm economy: prospects for growth and poverty reduction. World Development 38(10), 1429-1441· Retrieved from doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.008
Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., & Reardon, T. (Eds). (2007). Transformig the rural nonfarm economy: Opportunities and Threats in developing world. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265143346_Transforming_the_Rural_Non-Farm_Economy/download
Jatta, S. (2013). Non-farm wages and poverty alleviation in developing countries. MPRA Paper. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47180/1/MPRA_paper_47180.pdf
Kaur, S., Kulkarni, V.S., Gaiha, R. & Pandey, M.K. (2010). Prospects of Non-Farm Employment and Welfare in Rural Areas. Working Paper. Retrieved from https://crawford.anu.edu.au/acde/asarc/pdf/papers/2010/WP2010_05.pdf
Massingarela, C., Nhate, V., & Oya, C. (2005). Mercados Rurais em Moçambique: Um estudo sobre o trabalho assalariado temporário e informal nas zonas rurais de Manica, Nampula e Zambézia. Discussion paper. Maputo.
Mehta, G.S. (2002). Non-farm economy and farm economy and rural development. Giri Institute of Development Studies. Dehli. Retrieved from http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/stdy_nfeco.pdf
Ministério da Agricultura e Segurança Alimentar. (2017). Resultados do inquérito agrário integrado 2015. Retrieved from https://www.masa.gov.mz/estatisticas/inquerito-agrícola-integrado/
Ministério da Planificação e Desenvolvimento. (2009). Decreto n° 90/2009 de 15 de Dezembro de 2009 – Regulamento que aprova o Fundo de Desenvolvimento Distrital. Maputo.
Ministério de Economia e Finanças. (2016). Pobreza e bem-estar em Moçambique: Quarta Avaliação Nacional (2014/2015). Maputo.
Nascimento, C.A.Do. (2005). Pluriactividade, pobreza rural e políticas públicas. (Tese de doutorado Universidade Estadual de Campinas). Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/
Organizacion das Naciones Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentacion. (2012). Marco estratégico de mediano plazo de cooperación de la FAO en agricultura familiar en América Latina y el Caribe. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/docrep/019/as169s/as169s.pdf
Ovwigho, B.O. (2014). Factors influencing involvement in nonfarm income generating activities among local farmers: The Case of Ughelli South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 3(1). Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Factors-Influencing-Involvement-in-Nonfarm-Income-%3A-Ovwigho/1afdf5c728738fcc9528ba5cb52608ec62680e4c.
Paudel, Krishna. (2002). Part time Farming, Farm Productivity, and Farm Income: Evidence from The Southeast US. The American Agricultural Economics Association´s Annual Meeting Document, July 2002:1-10.
Rantšo, T.A. (2016). The role of the non-farm sector in rural development in Lesotho. J.of Modern African Studies, 54(2), 317–378. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X16000197
Reardon, T. (2015). Rural non-farm income in developing countries. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/públication/247437478
Reardon, T. (1997). Using evidence of household income diversification to inform study of the rural nonfarm labor market in Africa. World Development, 25(5), 735-748. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
Schneider, S. (2003). Teoria social, agricultura familiar e pluriatividade. Revista brasileira de ciências sociais, 18(2), 99-121. Retrieved from https://www.Scielo.br/pdf/
Schneider, S. (1999). Agricultura familiar e pluriactividade.(Tese de Doutoramento da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul). Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Sociologia – Porto Alegre.
Silva, L.R. D., & Kodithuwakku, S. (2010). Pluriactivity, entrepreneurship and socio-economic success of rural households. Manchester Business School Working Paper, Nº 596. Retrieved from https://www.mbs.ac.uk/research/workingpapers/
Silva, L.R. D & S. Kodithuwakku. (2005). Pluriactivity and Socio-economic Success of Rural Households.Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics, 7(1), 85-108.
United Nations Statistics Division. (2004). International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4. Retrieved from https://www.cepal.org/deype/
Zhu, N., & Luo, X. (2005). Impacts of non-farm income on inequality and poverty: the case of rural China. Retrieved from https://www.demoscope.ru/weeklykinigi/tours
