Explorando las terapias psicodélicas: Una revisión sistemática de la eficacia de la psilocibina en el tratamiento de la depresión
Resumen
El objetivo principal es comprobar si la administración de psilocibina es efectiva para el tratamiento de la depresión. Además, se pretende comprobar si la psilocibina es más eficaz en comparación con el escitalopram así como comprobar la existencia de efectos adversos debido al tratamiento. Actualmente, la salud mental afronta desafíos globales; muestra de ello es el aumento de un 25% en trastornos depresivos durante el primer año de la pandemia, afectando a mil millones de personas. El trastorno depresivo mayor ha aumentado un 50% en los últimos treinta años. A pesar de los tratamientos convencionales, la atención se dirige hacia enfoques innovadores como la terapia asistida por psicodélicos, especialmente la psilocibina, suscitando un interés a nivel global. Se empleó Pubmed y Sciencedirect como fuentes de datos científicas para llevar a cabo la revisión, siguiendo el método PICO. El proceso constó de cinco fases, durante las cuales se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, donde se seleccionaron un total de veinticinco artículos. La psilocibina como terapia asistida es efectiva en el tratamiento de la depresión; reduciendo la sintomatología, cambios en la perspectiva y cognición además de una mejoría en la salud mental. Se requieren más investigaciones para determinar la eficacia a largo plazo así como para establecer pautas de tratamiento. Se destaca la psilocibina por su rapidez de acción y perfil de seguridad, siendo eficaz para el tratamiento de la depresión. Asimismo, el antidepresivo escitalopram parece mostrar una eficacia comparable con la psilocibina.
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Villalba Díez, L. (2024). Explorando las terapias psicodélicas: Una revisión sistemática de la eficacia de la psilocibina en el tratamiento de la depresión. MLS Psychology Research, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v7i2.3096
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