MLS Psychology Research
Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2020)
ISSN: 2605-5295
Aplicación de corriente transcraneal directa como terapia no invasiva en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: una propuesta de intervención
Publicado Jun 22, 2020
Resumen
La estimulación transcraneal de corriente directa constituye una técnica prometedora para el tratamiento de trastornos psiquiátricos como puede ser la anorexia nerviosa. La forma de actuación es a través de la regulación de la actividad cerebral aplicada principalmente en la zona de la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral. En el presente trabajo se revisan los principios de la estimulación transcraneal de corriente directa a través de los electrodos y cómo influye la intensidad, la duración y el tipo de procedimientos de aplicación en los resultados; la patogenia de la anorexia nerviosa, las diferentes áreas que se encuentran alteradas en cuanto a su funcionamiento, asi como lo estudios llevados a cabo en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral y los diferentes estudios experimentales de tratamiento en esta tipología de pacientes mediante esta técnica en los últimos años. Se expone también una posible propuesta de intervención basándonos en las evidencias encontradas en los diferentes trabajos revisados introduciendo algunas mejoras, con lo que se pretende dar a conocer con mayor profundidad la efectividad del tratamiento mediante tDCS en futuras investigaciones.
Palabras clave:
Estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (tDCS), anorexia nerviosa (AN), corteza prefrontal dorsolateral (dlPFC), tratamiento, patogenia
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Cómo citar
Pellón Mendoza, A., & Castaño Castaño, S. (2020). Aplicación de corriente transcraneal directa como terapia no invasiva en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: una propuesta de intervención. MLS Psychology Research, 3(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v3i1.468
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Costanzo, F., Menghini, D., Maritato, A., Castiglioni, M. C., Mereu, A., Varuzza, C., Zanna, V., & Vicari, S. (2018). New Treatment Perspectives in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: The Efficacy of Non-invasive Brain-Directed Treatment. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 133. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00133
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Hestad, K., Weider, S., Nilsen, K. B., Indredavik, M. S., & Sand, T. (2016). Increased frontal electroencephalogram theta amplitude in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 12, 2419-2423. doi:10.2147/NDT.S113586
Jáuregui-Lobera, I., & Martínez-Quiñones, J. V. (2018). Neuromodulation in eating disorders and obesity: A promising way of treatment? Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 14, 2817-2835. doi:10.2147/NDT.S180231
Kaye, W. H., & Bailer, U. F. (2011). Understanding the neural circuitry of appetitive regulation in eating disorders. Biological psychiatry, 70(8), 704. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.018
Kaye, W. H., Fudge, J. L., & Paulus, M. (2009). New insights into symptoms and neurocircuit function of anorexia nervosa. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(8), 573. doi: 10.1038/nrn2682.
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Khedr, E. M., Elfetoh, N. A., Ali, A. M., & Noamany, M. (2014). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves anorexia nervosa: A pilot study. Restorative neurology and neuroscience, 32(6), 789-797. doi: 10.3233/RNN-140392
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Lee, D. J., Elias, G. J. B., & Lozano, A. M. (2018). Neuromodulation for the treatment of eating disorders and obesity. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 8(2), 73-92. doi: 10.1177/2045125317743435
Li, L. M., Uehara, K., & Hanakawa, T. (2015). The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 9, 181. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00181
Lowe, C. J., Vincent, C., & Hall, P. A. (2017). Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Food Cravings and Consumption: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 79(1), 2-13. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000368
Macedo, I. C., de Oliveira, C., Vercelino, R., Souza, A., Laste, G., Medeiros, L. F., Scarabelot, V. L., Nunes, E. A., Kuo, J., Fregni, F., Caumo, W., & Torres, I. L. S. (2016). Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation reduces food craving in Wistar rats. Appetite, 103, 29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.014
McClelland, J., Bozhilova, N., Campbell, I., & Schmidt, U. (2013). A Systematic Review of the Effects of Neuromodulation on Eating and Body Weight: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies: The Effects of Neuromodulation on Eating and Body Weight. European Eating Disorders Review, 21(6), 436-455. doi: 10.1002/erv.2256
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