MLS Psychology Research
Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2020)
ISSN: 2605-5295
Relación entre estilos de apego y regulación emocional
Publicado Jan 22, 2021
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir la relación entre los diferentes estilos de apego y la desregulación emocional en una muestra de 607 sujetos de entre 18 a 89 años de edad, de habla hispana, que participaron voluntariamente en la investigación. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados fueron el cuestionario sobre estilo de apego (CaMir) y el cuestionario de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional (DERS). Mediante estadísticos descriptivos y un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple se encontró una correlación significativa entre dificultad en la regulación emocional y dos estilos de apego inseguro: evitativo y ansioso. Con una t de student se analizó si existían diferencias entre los distintos géneros (hombre y mujer) en cuanto a las dificultades en la regulación emocional, pero los datos no fueron significativos, por lo se dedujo que no existen diferencias en cuanto a la regulación emocional entre hombres y mujeres según el cuestionario DERS en el análisis.
Palabras clave:
Estilos de apego, desregulación emocional, investigación, análisis
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Cómo citar
Hanoos López, M. (2021). Relación entre estilos de apego y regulación emocional. MLS Psychology Research, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v3i2.561
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Ainsworth, B. Waters, & Wall (1978) Ainsworth, MDS, Blehar, MC, Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation.
Balluerka, N., Lacasa, F., Gorostiaga, A., Muela, A., & Pierrehumbert, B. (2011). Versión reducida del cuestionario CaMir (CaMir-R) para la evaluación del apego. Psicothema, 23(3), 486-494.
Barret, L.F. & Gross, J.J. (2001). Emotional Intelligence. A process model of emotion representation and regulation. In T.J. Mayne y G.A. Bonano (Eds.). Emotions, Current Issues and future directions, New York: The Guilford Press.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(2), 226.
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237.
Blair, C., & Diamond, A. (2008). Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure. Development and psychopathology, 20(3), 899-911.
Bonet, J. L. (2017). Cerebro, emociones y estrés. B de Bolsillo.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: volume I: attachment. In Attachment and Loss: Volume I: Attachment (pp. 1-401). London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss, vol. II: Separation. Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Separation: Anxiety and anger (Vol. 2). Vintage.
Brownell, K. D., & Walsh, B. T. (Eds.). (2017). Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook. Guilford Publications.
Bunford, N., Evans, S. W., & Wymbs, F. (2015). ADHD and emotion dysregulation among children and adolescents. Clinical child and family psychology review, 18(3), 185-217.
Bydlowski, S., Corcos, M., Jeammet, P., Paterniti, S., Berthoz, S., Laurier, C., & Consoli, S. M. (2005). Emotion‐processing deficits in eating disorders. International journal of eating disorders, 37(4), 321-329.
Callaghan, B. L., & Tottenham, N. (2016). The neuro-environmental loop of plasticity: A cross-species analysis of parental effects on emotion circuitry development following typical and adverse caregiving. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 163.
Davis, M. M., Miernicki, M. E., Telzer, E. H., & Rudolph, K. D. (2019). The contribution of childhood negative emotionality and cognitive control to anxiety-linked neural dysregulation of emotion in adolescence. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 47(3), 515-527.
Ein-Dor, T., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2011). Attachment insecurities and the processing of threat-related information: Studying the schemas involved in insecure people's coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(1), 78.
Edossa, A. K., Schroeders, U., Weinert, S., & Artelt, C. (2017). The development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation and their effects on academic achievement in childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42(2), 192–202. doi:10.1177/0165025416687412
Eisenberg, N., Chang, L., Ma, Y., & Huang, X. (2009). Relations of parenting style to Chinese children's effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment. Development and psychopathology, 21(2), 455-477.
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L. & Eggum, N. D. (2010). Emotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children’s maladjustment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 495-525. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131208
Feldman, R. (2015). The adaptive human parental brain: implications for children's social development. Trends in neurosciences, 38(6), 387-399.
Francis, D. D., Caldji, C., Champagne, F., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1999). The role of corticotropin-releasing factor–norepinephrine systems in mediating the effects of early experience on the development of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Biological psychiatry, 46(9), 1153-1166.
Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2014). The role of mentalizing and epistemic trust in the therapeutic relationship. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 372.
Fox, H. C., Milivojevic, V., Blaine, S. K., & Sinha, R. (2018). Stress System Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation in Early Abstinence from Substance Use Disorders—Targets for Medications Development. In Neurobiology of Abnormal Emotion and Motivated Behaviors (pp. 120-141). Academic Press.
Fox, H. C., Axelrod, S. R., Paliwal, P., Sleeper, J., & Sinha, R. (2007). Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 89(2-3), 298-301.
Galaz, M. M. F., Manrique, M. T. M., Ayala, M. D. L. C., Mota, M. J. C., & Díaz-Loving, R. (2019). Crianza materna y regulación emocional en adolescentes: diferencias asociadas al sexo. Emerging Trends in Education, 1(2).
Garrido-Rojas, L. (2006). Apego, emoción y regulación emocional. Implicaciones para la salud. Revista latinoamericana de psicología, 38(3), 493-507.
Guzmán-González, M., Carrasco, N., Figueroa, P., Trabucco, C., & Vilca, D. (2016). Estilos de apego y dificultades de regulación emocional en estudiantes universitarios. Psykhe, 25(1), 1-13.
Gratz, K. L. (2003). Risk factors for and functions of deliberate self‐harm: An empirical and conceptual review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 192-205.
Gratz, K. L. & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. doi:10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 850.
Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion regulation: past, present, future. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 551-573.
Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 85(2), 348.
Gross, J. J. & Thompson, R. A. (2006). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. En J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-26). Guilford Press.
Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Hervás, G. (2011). Psicopatología de la regulación emocional: el papel de los déficit emocionales en los trastornos clínicos. Psicología conductual, 19(2), 347.
Hervás, G., & Jódar, R. (2008). Adaptación al castellano de la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional. Clínica y salud, 19(2), 139-156.
Hervás, G. & Moral, G. (2017). FOCAD para División de Psicoterapia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Hervás, G. & Vázquez, C. (2006). La regulación afectiva: modelos, investigación e implicaciones para la salud mental y física. Revista de psicología general y aplicada, 59(1-2), 9-36.
Holmes, J. & Slade, A. (2018). Attachment inn the therapeutic practice. London: SAGE Publications.
Jurado, A.R., Sánchez, F., San Martín, C. (2018). Máster en sexología médica UNEATLANTICO. Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana.
Joormann, J., & Stanton, C. H. (2016). Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 35-49.
Kuo, J. R., Fitzpatrick, S., Metcalfe, R. K., & McMain, S. (2016). A multi-method laboratory investigation of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation abilities in borderline personality disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 50, 52-60.
Laland, K. N. (2017). Darwin's unfinished symphony (pp. 151-155). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Leen-Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Feldner, M. T. (2004). Behavioral inhibition sensitivity and emotional response suppression: A laboratory test among adolescents in a fear-relevant paradigm. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(4), 783-791
López, P. B. (2018). El sistema cerebral de recompensa, del aprendizaje a la adicción. Boletín de la Real Academia de Córdoba de Ciencias, Bellas Letras y Nobles Artes, (167), 465-478.
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 66-104
McClelland, M. M., Ponitz, C. C., Messersmith, E. E., & Tominey, S. (2010). Self‐regulation: Integration of cognition and emotion. The Handbook of Life‐Span Development.
McNally, A. M., Palfai, T. P., Levine, R. V., & Moore, B. M. (2003). Attachment dimensions and drinking-related problems among young adults: The mediational role of coping motives. Addictive behaviors, 28(6), 1115-1127.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Adult attachment and affect regulation. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications, 2, 503-531.
Moscoso, M. S. (2018). Mindfulness, autorregulación emocional y reducción de estrés: ¿ciencia o ficción? Revista Mexicana de Investigación en Psicología, 10(2), 101-121
Pierrehumbert, B., Karmaniola, A., Sieye, A., Meister, C., Miljkovitch, R., y Halfon, O. (1996). Les modèles de relations: Développement d’un auto-questionnaire d’attachement pour adultes. Psychiatrie de l’Enfant, 1, 161-206.
Price, C. J., Crowell, S. E., Pike, K. C., Cheng, S. C., Puzia, M., & Thompson, E. A. (2019). Psychological and autonomic correlates of emotion dysregulation among women in substance use disorder treatment. Substance use & misuse, 54(1), 110-119.
Ryckaert, C., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2018). Emotional dysregulation and ADHD. Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 103.
Shaver, P. R. & Hazan, C. (1988). A biased overview of the study of love. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 473-501. doi:10.1177/0265407588054005
Thomassin, K., Suveg, C., Davis, M., Lavner, J. A., & Beach, S. R. (2017). Coparental affect, children's emotion dysregulation, and parent and child depressive symptoms. Family process, 56(1), 126-140.
Vujanovic, A. A., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2008). The interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in predicting anxiety-related cognitive and affective symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 803-817.
Wills, T. A., Simons, J. S., Sussman, S., & Knight, R. (2016). Emotional self-control and dysregulation: A dual-process analysis of pathways to externalizing/internalizing symptomatology and positive well-being in younger adolescents. Drug and alcohol dependence, 163, S37-S45.
Zimmerman, P. & Iwanski, A. (2014). Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: Age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38, 182-194. doi:10.1177/0165025413515405
Balluerka, N., Lacasa, F., Gorostiaga, A., Muela, A., & Pierrehumbert, B. (2011). Versión reducida del cuestionario CaMir (CaMir-R) para la evaluación del apego. Psicothema, 23(3), 486-494.
Barret, L.F. & Gross, J.J. (2001). Emotional Intelligence. A process model of emotion representation and regulation. In T.J. Mayne y G.A. Bonano (Eds.). Emotions, Current Issues and future directions, New York: The Guilford Press.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(2), 226.
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237.
Blair, C., & Diamond, A. (2008). Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure. Development and psychopathology, 20(3), 899-911.
Bonet, J. L. (2017). Cerebro, emociones y estrés. B de Bolsillo.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: volume I: attachment. In Attachment and Loss: Volume I: Attachment (pp. 1-401). London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss, vol. II: Separation. Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Separation: Anxiety and anger (Vol. 2). Vintage.
Brownell, K. D., & Walsh, B. T. (Eds.). (2017). Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook. Guilford Publications.
Bunford, N., Evans, S. W., & Wymbs, F. (2015). ADHD and emotion dysregulation among children and adolescents. Clinical child and family psychology review, 18(3), 185-217.
Bydlowski, S., Corcos, M., Jeammet, P., Paterniti, S., Berthoz, S., Laurier, C., & Consoli, S. M. (2005). Emotion‐processing deficits in eating disorders. International journal of eating disorders, 37(4), 321-329.
Callaghan, B. L., & Tottenham, N. (2016). The neuro-environmental loop of plasticity: A cross-species analysis of parental effects on emotion circuitry development following typical and adverse caregiving. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 163.
Davis, M. M., Miernicki, M. E., Telzer, E. H., & Rudolph, K. D. (2019). The contribution of childhood negative emotionality and cognitive control to anxiety-linked neural dysregulation of emotion in adolescence. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 47(3), 515-527.
Ein-Dor, T., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2011). Attachment insecurities and the processing of threat-related information: Studying the schemas involved in insecure people's coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(1), 78.
Edossa, A. K., Schroeders, U., Weinert, S., & Artelt, C. (2017). The development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation and their effects on academic achievement in childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42(2), 192–202. doi:10.1177/0165025416687412
Eisenberg, N., Chang, L., Ma, Y., & Huang, X. (2009). Relations of parenting style to Chinese children's effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment. Development and psychopathology, 21(2), 455-477.
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L. & Eggum, N. D. (2010). Emotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children’s maladjustment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 495-525. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131208
Feldman, R. (2015). The adaptive human parental brain: implications for children's social development. Trends in neurosciences, 38(6), 387-399.
Francis, D. D., Caldji, C., Champagne, F., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1999). The role of corticotropin-releasing factor–norepinephrine systems in mediating the effects of early experience on the development of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Biological psychiatry, 46(9), 1153-1166.
Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2014). The role of mentalizing and epistemic trust in the therapeutic relationship. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 372.
Fox, H. C., Milivojevic, V., Blaine, S. K., & Sinha, R. (2018). Stress System Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation in Early Abstinence from Substance Use Disorders—Targets for Medications Development. In Neurobiology of Abnormal Emotion and Motivated Behaviors (pp. 120-141). Academic Press.
Fox, H. C., Axelrod, S. R., Paliwal, P., Sleeper, J., & Sinha, R. (2007). Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 89(2-3), 298-301.
Galaz, M. M. F., Manrique, M. T. M., Ayala, M. D. L. C., Mota, M. J. C., & Díaz-Loving, R. (2019). Crianza materna y regulación emocional en adolescentes: diferencias asociadas al sexo. Emerging Trends in Education, 1(2).
Garrido-Rojas, L. (2006). Apego, emoción y regulación emocional. Implicaciones para la salud. Revista latinoamericana de psicología, 38(3), 493-507.
Guzmán-González, M., Carrasco, N., Figueroa, P., Trabucco, C., & Vilca, D. (2016). Estilos de apego y dificultades de regulación emocional en estudiantes universitarios. Psykhe, 25(1), 1-13.
Gratz, K. L. (2003). Risk factors for and functions of deliberate self‐harm: An empirical and conceptual review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 192-205.
Gratz, K. L. & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. doi:10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 850.
Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion regulation: past, present, future. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 551-573.
Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 85(2), 348.
Gross, J. J. & Thompson, R. A. (2006). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. En J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-26). Guilford Press.
Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Hervás, G. (2011). Psicopatología de la regulación emocional: el papel de los déficit emocionales en los trastornos clínicos. Psicología conductual, 19(2), 347.
Hervás, G., & Jódar, R. (2008). Adaptación al castellano de la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional. Clínica y salud, 19(2), 139-156.
Hervás, G. & Moral, G. (2017). FOCAD para División de Psicoterapia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Hervás, G. & Vázquez, C. (2006). La regulación afectiva: modelos, investigación e implicaciones para la salud mental y física. Revista de psicología general y aplicada, 59(1-2), 9-36.
Holmes, J. & Slade, A. (2018). Attachment inn the therapeutic practice. London: SAGE Publications.
Jurado, A.R., Sánchez, F., San Martín, C. (2018). Máster en sexología médica UNEATLANTICO. Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana.
Joormann, J., & Stanton, C. H. (2016). Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 35-49.
Kuo, J. R., Fitzpatrick, S., Metcalfe, R. K., & McMain, S. (2016). A multi-method laboratory investigation of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation abilities in borderline personality disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 50, 52-60.
Laland, K. N. (2017). Darwin's unfinished symphony (pp. 151-155). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Leen-Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Feldner, M. T. (2004). Behavioral inhibition sensitivity and emotional response suppression: A laboratory test among adolescents in a fear-relevant paradigm. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(4), 783-791
López, P. B. (2018). El sistema cerebral de recompensa, del aprendizaje a la adicción. Boletín de la Real Academia de Córdoba de Ciencias, Bellas Letras y Nobles Artes, (167), 465-478.
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 66-104
McClelland, M. M., Ponitz, C. C., Messersmith, E. E., & Tominey, S. (2010). Self‐regulation: Integration of cognition and emotion. The Handbook of Life‐Span Development.
McNally, A. M., Palfai, T. P., Levine, R. V., & Moore, B. M. (2003). Attachment dimensions and drinking-related problems among young adults: The mediational role of coping motives. Addictive behaviors, 28(6), 1115-1127.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Adult attachment and affect regulation. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications, 2, 503-531.
Moscoso, M. S. (2018). Mindfulness, autorregulación emocional y reducción de estrés: ¿ciencia o ficción? Revista Mexicana de Investigación en Psicología, 10(2), 101-121
Pierrehumbert, B., Karmaniola, A., Sieye, A., Meister, C., Miljkovitch, R., y Halfon, O. (1996). Les modèles de relations: Développement d’un auto-questionnaire d’attachement pour adultes. Psychiatrie de l’Enfant, 1, 161-206.
Price, C. J., Crowell, S. E., Pike, K. C., Cheng, S. C., Puzia, M., & Thompson, E. A. (2019). Psychological and autonomic correlates of emotion dysregulation among women in substance use disorder treatment. Substance use & misuse, 54(1), 110-119.
Ryckaert, C., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2018). Emotional dysregulation and ADHD. Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 103.
Shaver, P. R. & Hazan, C. (1988). A biased overview of the study of love. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 473-501. doi:10.1177/0265407588054005
Thomassin, K., Suveg, C., Davis, M., Lavner, J. A., & Beach, S. R. (2017). Coparental affect, children's emotion dysregulation, and parent and child depressive symptoms. Family process, 56(1), 126-140.
Vujanovic, A. A., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2008). The interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in predicting anxiety-related cognitive and affective symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 803-817.
Wills, T. A., Simons, J. S., Sussman, S., & Knight, R. (2016). Emotional self-control and dysregulation: A dual-process analysis of pathways to externalizing/internalizing symptomatology and positive well-being in younger adolescents. Drug and alcohol dependence, 163, S37-S45.
Zimmerman, P. & Iwanski, A. (2014). Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: Age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38, 182-194. doi:10.1177/0165025413515405
