MLS Psychology Research
Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2021)
ISSN: 2605-5295
Repercusiones del estigma en la calidad de vida de los adultos con VIH/SIDA: Una revisión sistemática
Publicado Jun 3, 2021
Resumen
Introducción: Este trabajo se llevó a cabo con la finalidad de averiguar si existía un agravamiento de las consecuencias del VIH tras la percepción de estigma. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron (1) que los trabajos versaran sobre VIH/SIDA; (2) que se tratara de artículos científicos; (3) que el idioma de publicación fuera español o inglés. Los criterios de exclusión aplicados fueron (1) que los artículos incluyeran población infantojuvenil; (2) que se trataran de artículos de caso único. Resultados: La muestra total estuvo compuesta por 18267 participantes, la mayoría de ellos mujeres (65%), con una media de edad de 39’3 años, procedentes de África y Asia, casados o con pareja estable y con un nivel educativo y socioeconómico bajo. El estigma se analizó a través de administración de pruebas en el 55% de los artículos y la calidad de vida, en el 44%. Se encontraron repercusiones psicológicas y sociales (53%) entre las que destacó el trastorno depresivo y la reducción de la red de apoyo; laborales y económicas (21%); físicas (18%) y sexuales (15%). Discusión: La mayoría de los resultados mostraron que el estigma sí que generaba repercusiones, las cuales afectaban, sobre todo, a la salud mental y a la red social de esta población, lo que reflejó la necesidad de fomentar el apoyo y el tratamiento psicológico. De igual manera, se encontró una posible relación entre el sexo, la región y el nivel de educación y el riesgo de contraer VIH.
Palabras clave:
VIH, SIDA, estigma, calidad de vida, adultos
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Cómo citar
Lombó Fragueiro, C. (2021). Repercusiones del estigma en la calidad de vida de los adultos con VIH/SIDA: Una revisión sistemática. MLS Psychology Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v4i1.606
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Bran Piedrahita, L., Palacios Moya, L., Posada Zapata, I. C., & Bermúdez Román, V. (2017). Concepto sociocultural del VIH y su impacto en la recepción de campañas de promoción de la salud en Medellín. Ciencias de la Salud, 15(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5378
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Guevara-Sotelo, Y., & Hoyos-Hernández, P. A. (2018). Vivir con VIH: Experiencias de estigma sentido en personas con VIH. Psicogente, 21(39), 127-139.
Iglesias Villarán, I., González Faraco, J. C., & León Leal, J. A. (2015). Impacto del VIH en adolescentes y jóvenes: Análisis preliminar desde la Teoría Cultural del Consenso. http://rabida.uhu.es/dspace/handle/10272/11796
Infante, C., Zarco, Á., Cuadra, S. M., Morrison, K., Caballero, M., Bronfman, M., & Magis, C. (2006). El estigma asociado al VIH/SIDA: El caso de los prestadores de servicios de salud en México. Salud pública de México, 48, 141-150.
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Lifson, A. R., Workneh, S., Hailemichael, A., Demissie, W., Slater, L., & Shenie, T. (2015). Perceived social support among HIV patients newly enrolled in care in rural Ethiopia. AIDS care, 27(11), 1382-1386.
Liu, H., Zhao, M., Ren, J., Qi, X., Sun, H., Qu, L., Yan, C., Zheng, T., Wu, Q., & Cui, Y. (2018). Identifying factors associated with depression among men living with HIV/AIDS and undergoing antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in Heilongjiang, China. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1020-x
Loutfy, M., Johnson, M., Walmsley, S., Samarina, A., Vasquez, P., Hao-Lan, H., Madihlaba, T., Martinez-Tristani, M., & van Wyk, J. (2016). The Association Between HIV Disclosure Status and Perceived Barriers to Care Faced by Women Living with HIV in Latin America, China, Central/Eastern Europe, and Western Europe/Canada. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 30(9), 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2016.0049
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Maimaiti, R., Yuexin, Z., Kejun, P., Wubili, M., Lalanne, C., Duracinsky, M., & Andersson, R. (2017). Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV in Xinjiang, West China. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 16(6), 588-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957417729752
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Monteiro, S., Villela, W., Fraga, L., Soares, P., & Pinho, A. (2016). The dynamics of the production of AIDS-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 32, e00122215. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00122215
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Nyamathi, A., Ekstrand, M., Heylen, E., Ramakrishna, P., Yadav, K., Sinha, S., Hudson, A., Carpenter, C. L., & Arab, L. (2018). Relationships among adherence and physical and mental health among women living with HIV in rural India. AIDS and Behavior, 22(3), 867-876.
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Bran Piedrahita, L., Palacios Moya, L., Posada Zapata, I. C., & Bermúdez Román, V. (2017). Concepto sociocultural del VIH y su impacto en la recepción de campañas de promoción de la salud en Medellín. Ciencias de la Salud, 15(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.5378
Brown, M. J., Serovich, J. M., Kimberly, J. A., & Hu, J. (2016). Psychological reactance and HIV-related stigma among women living with HIV. AIDS Care, 28(6), 745-749. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1147015
Bukenya, D., Mayanja, B. N., Nakamanya, S., Muhumuza, R., & Seeley, J. (2019). What causes non-adherence among some individuals on long term antiretroviral therapy? Experiences of individuals with poor viral suppression in Uganda. AIDS Research and Therapy, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-018-0214-y
Cantisano, N., Rimé, B., & Teresa Munoz Sastre, M. (2015). The importance of quality over in quantity in the social sharing of emotions (SSE) in people living with HIV/AIDS. Psychology, health & medicine, 20(1), 103-113.
Chong Villarreal, F., Fernández Casanueva, C., Huicochea Gómez, L., Álvarez Gordillo, G. del C., & Leyva Flores, R. (2012). Estrategias de personas con VIH para enfrentar el estigma asociado al VIH/sida: Pacientes del Hospital General de Huixtla, Chiapas. Estudios fronterizos, 13(25), 31-55.
Conde Higuera, P., Pimentel Ramírez, M. L., Díaz Ávila, A., & Domingo Moratalla, T. (2016). Estigma, discriminación y adherencia al tratamiento en niños con VIH y SIDA: Una perspectiva bioética. Acta bioethica, 22(2), 331-340. https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2016000200020
Cressman, A. E., Howe, C. J., Nunn, A. S., Adimora, A. A., Williams, D. R., Kempf, M., Chandran, A., Wentz, E. L., Blackstock, O. J., Kassaye, S. G., Cohen, J., Cohen, M. H., Wingood, G. M., Metsch, L. R., & Wilson, T. E. (2020). The Relationship Between Discrimination and Missed HIV Care Appointments Among Women Living with HIV. AIDS and behavior, 24(1), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02522-8
Da, W., Li, X., Qiao, S., Zhou, Y., & Shen, Z. (2019). Changes in sexual behaviors following diagnosis with HIV: Patterns and correlates among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China. AIDS Care, 31(2), 238-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1487915
Ezeamama, A. E., Guwatudde, D., Wang, M., Bagenda, D., Brown, K., Kyeyune, R., Smith, E., Wamani, H., Manabe, Y. C., & Fawzi, W. W. (2016). High perceived social standing is associated with better health in HIV-infected Ugandan adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 39(3), 453-464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9710-x
Fuster, M. J., Molero, F., de Montes, L. G., Agirrezabal, A., & Vitoria, A. (2013). HIV-and AIDS-related stigma: Psychosocial aspects in a representative Spanish sample. The Spanish journal of psychology, 16.
Garfin, D. R., Shin, S. S., Ekstrand, M. L., Yadav, K., Carpenter, C. L., Sinha, S., & Nyamathi, A. M. (2019). Depression, social support, and stigma as predictors of quality of life over time: Results from an Asha-based HIV/AIDS intervention in India. AIDS Care, 31(5), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1563281
Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., & Alonso-Tapia, J. (2017). Social Support in Newly Diagnosed People living With HIV: Expectations and Satisfaction Along Time, Predictors, and Mental Health Correlates. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: JANAC, 28(6), 849-861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2017.06.007
Guevara-Sotelo, Y., & Hoyos-Hernández, P. A. (2018). Vivir con VIH: Experiencias de estigma sentido en personas con VIH. Psicogente, 21(39), 127-139.
Iglesias Villarán, I., González Faraco, J. C., & León Leal, J. A. (2015). Impacto del VIH en adolescentes y jóvenes: Análisis preliminar desde la Teoría Cultural del Consenso. http://rabida.uhu.es/dspace/handle/10272/11796
Infante, C., Zarco, Á., Cuadra, S. M., Morrison, K., Caballero, M., Bronfman, M., & Magis, C. (2006). El estigma asociado al VIH/SIDA: El caso de los prestadores de servicios de salud en México. Salud pública de México, 48, 141-150.
Kamen, C., Arganbright, J., Kienitz, E., Weller, M., Khaylis, A., Shenkman, T., Smith, S., Koopman, C., & Gore-Felton, C. (2015). HIV-related stigma: Implications for symptoms of anxiety and depression among Malawian women. African Journal of AIDS Research, 14(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2015.1016987
Kuznetsova, A. V., Meylakhs, A. Y., Amirkhanian, Y. A., Kelly, J. A., Yakovlev, A. A., Musatov, V. B., & Amirkhanian, A. G. (2016). Barriers and facilitators of HIV care engagement: Results of a qualitative study in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS and Behavior, 20(10), 2433-2443.
Lifson, A. R., Workneh, S., Hailemichael, A., Demissie, W., Slater, L., & Shenie, T. (2015). Perceived social support among HIV patients newly enrolled in care in rural Ethiopia. AIDS care, 27(11), 1382-1386.
Liu, H., Zhao, M., Ren, J., Qi, X., Sun, H., Qu, L., Yan, C., Zheng, T., Wu, Q., & Cui, Y. (2018). Identifying factors associated with depression among men living with HIV/AIDS and undergoing antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in Heilongjiang, China. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1020-x
Loutfy, M., Johnson, M., Walmsley, S., Samarina, A., Vasquez, P., Hao-Lan, H., Madihlaba, T., Martinez-Tristani, M., & van Wyk, J. (2016). The Association Between HIV Disclosure Status and Perceived Barriers to Care Faced by Women Living with HIV in Latin America, China, Central/Eastern Europe, and Western Europe/Canada. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 30(9), 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2016.0049
Lyons, A., Heywood, W., & Rozbroj, T. (2016). Psychosocial factors associated with resilience in a national community-based cohort of Australian gay men living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 20(8), 1658-1666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1338-5
Maimaiti, R., Yuexin, Z., Kejun, P., Wubili, M., Lalanne, C., Duracinsky, M., & Andersson, R. (2017). Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV in Xinjiang, West China. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 16(6), 588-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957417729752
Mitchell, M. M., Nguyen, T. Q., Isenberg, S. R., Maragh-Bass, A. C., Keruly, J., & Knowlton, A. R. (2017). Psychosocial and service use correlates of health-related quality of life among a vulnerable population living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 21(6), 1580-1587.
Monteiro, S., Villela, W., Fraga, L., Soares, P., & Pinho, A. (2016). The dynamics of the production of AIDS-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 32, e00122215. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00122215
Nevin, P. E., Frey, S., Lipira, L., Endeshaw, M., Niemann, L., Kerani, R. P., & Rao, D. (2018). «You are always hiding. It’s the worst way to live.» Exploring Stigma in African Immigrants Living With HIV in a Large Northwest U.S. Metropolitan Area. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: JANAC, 29(3), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2017.11.005
Nyamathi, A., Ekstrand, M., Heylen, E., Ramakrishna, P., Yadav, K., Sinha, S., Hudson, A., Carpenter, C. L., & Arab, L. (2018). Relationships among adherence and physical and mental health among women living with HIV in rural India. AIDS and Behavior, 22(3), 867-876.
Oliveira, F. B. M., Queiroz, A. A. F. L. N., Sousa, Á. F. L. de, Moura, M. E. B., & Reis, R. K. (2017). Sexual orientation and quality of life of people living with HIV/Aids. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 70(5), 1004-1010. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0420
Parcesepe, A. M., Nash, D., Tymejczyk, O., Reidy, W., Kulkarni, S. G., & Elul, B. (2020). Gender, HIV-Related Stigma, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults Enrolling in HIV Care in Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior, 24(1), 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02480-1
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