MLS Psychology Research
Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2022)
ISSN: 2605-5295
Impactos psicosociales del COVID-19 entre estudiantes universitarios de Uruguay
Publicado Oct 11, 2022
Resumen
El nuevo coronavirus ha tenido un costo catastrófico en todo el mundo en la salud física y mental. En este artículo, nos enfocamos en el impacto psicosocial entre los estudiantes de Uruguay, un país relativamente protegido de la pandemia durante 2020. Nuestro estudio tuvo tres objetivos principales: 1) describir en detalle el impacto; 2) identificar las relaciones entre las diferentes dimensiones y; 3) resaltar los factores determinantes de la salud mental. Diseñamos un cuestionario multidimensional para investigar el impacto percibido de los estudiantes. El cuestionario se administró en línea a 144 estudiantes universitarios de Uruguay mientras la universidad estaba cerrada. Entre 38 y 66% de los estudiantes indicaron un aumento en los signos de ansiedad, depresión o alteraciones del sueño. Independientemente de otros factores relacionados, el aumento en el uso de sustancias, el deterioro en las relaciones sociales, el impacto negativo del cierre de las facultades y las preocupaciones económicas personales explicaron el 41% de la variación en la salud mental. Los hallazgos se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones para la salud pública y las direcciones futuras de investigación sobre los efectos de la pandemia en la salud mental.
Palabras clave:
Cuestionario, COVID-19, psicología, salud mental, universidad
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Cómo citar
Vásquez-Echeverría, A., & Loose, T. (2022). Impactos psicosociales del COVID-19 entre estudiantes universitarios de Uruguay. MLS Psychology Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v5i2.897
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Ahmed, M., Mueller, P., Mueller, N., Hsouna, H., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., Braakman-Jansen, A., Wrede, C., Bastoni, S., … on behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium. (2020). COVID-19 Home Confinement Negatively Impacts Social Participation and Life Satisfaction: A Worldwide Multicenter Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176237
Bono, G., Reil, K., & Hescox, J. (2020). Stress and wellbeing in urban college students in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic: Can grit and gratitude help? International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(3), Article 3. https://www.internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/view/1331
Callinan, S., Smit, K., Mojica‐Perez, Y., D’Aquino, S., Moore, D., & Kuntsche, E. (2020). Shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: Early indications from Australia. Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15275
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Chiu, A. (2020, August 19). Time to ditch ‘toxic positivity,’ experts say: ‘It’s okay not to be okay.’ Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/toxic-positivity-mental-health-covid/2020/08/19/5dff8d16-e0c8-11ea-8181-606e603bb1c4_story.html
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Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
Kecojevic, A., Basch, C. H., Sullivan, M., & Davi, N. K. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0239696. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239696
Knell, G., Robertson, M. C., Dooley, E. E., Burford, K., & Mendez, K. S. (2020). Health Behavior Changes During COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent “Stay-at-Home” Orders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176268
Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(7), 841–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.002
Marmarosh, C., Forsyth, D., Strauss, B., & Burlingame, G. (2020). The Psychology of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Group-Level Perspective. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 24(3), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000142
Omori, R., Matsuyama, R., & Nakata, Y. (2020). The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 16642. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8
Prasad Singh, J., Sewda, A., & Shiv, D. G. (2020). Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Students Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063420935669
Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
Solomou, I., & Constantinidou, F. (2020). Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 4924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144924
Vanderbruggen, N., Matthys, F., Laere, S. V., Zeeuws, D., Santermans, L., Ameele, S. V. den, & Crunelle, C. L. (2020). Self-Reported Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Use during COVID-19 Lockdown Measures: Results from a Web-Based Survey. European Addiction Research, 26(6), 309–315. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510822
VanderWeele, T. J. (2020). Challenges Estimating Total Lives Lost in COVID-19 Decisions: Consideration of Mortality Related to Unemployment, Social Isolation, and Depression. JAMA, 324(5), 445. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12187
Venkatesh, V. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19: A research agenda to support people in their fight. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102197
World Health Organization. (2020, October 21). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int
