MLS Sport Research
Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2022)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Efecto de la implementación de un programa de flexibilidad sobre los ROM articulares y la velocidad de los golpes rectos de puño en atletas de boxeo y muay thai
Publicado May 13, 2022
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los resultados de la implementación de un programa para el desarrollo de la Flexibilidad en atletas de Boxeo y Muay Thai, sobre la ROM articulares y la producción de Velocidad de los golpes rectos de puño. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño de investigación preexperimental de corte longitudinal. A partir de la evaluación de la Flexibilidad en 10 atletas de Boxeo y Muay Thai utilizando el método Flexitest, y tras evidenciar los niveles más bajos de esta capacidad en las zonas de tobillo, hombro y muñeca, se desarrolló un programa de entrenamiento de 6 semanas de duración utilizando los métodos dinámico, estático y FNP para el entrenamiento de estas zonas. También se evaluaron las Velocidades pico alcanzadas por los participantes en golpes de puño rectos lanzados al aire. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los rangos articulares pre y post programa de entrenamiento de la Flexibilidad en las articulaciones de tobillo y hombro (p=0.006 y p=0.005, respectivamente). Con respecto a la Velocidad no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguno de los gestos evaluados. La fuerza de asociación resultó de baja a nula al correlacionar la Flexibilidad y producción de Velocidad de los gestos. Si bien se mejoró la Flexibilidad de hombros y tobillos, la Velocidad de los gestos de golpeo no se vio modificada y no se pudo considerar una asociación entre ambas variables.
Palabras clave:
Flexibilidad, rango de movimiento, boxeo, muay thai, golpe de puño
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Cómo citar
Rezzonico, G. (2022). Efecto de la implementación de un programa de flexibilidad sobre los ROM articulares y la velocidad de los golpes rectos de puño en atletas de boxeo y muay thai. MLS Sport Research, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.54716/mlssr.v2i1.1065
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Apostopoulos, N., Metsios, G. S., Flouris, A. D., Koutedakis, Y., & Wyon, M. A. (2015). The relevance of stretch Intensity and position – a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1128). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01128
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Araujo, C. G. (2008). Flexibility assessment: Normative values for flexitest from 5 to 91 years of age. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 90, 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0066-782x2008000400008
Balmaseda, M. (2009). Escuela Cubana de Boxeo. Su enseñanza y preparación técnica. Wanceulen.
Basar, S., Duzgun, I., Guzel, N. A., Cicioglu, I., & Celik, B. (2014). Differences in Strength, flexibility and stability in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 27(3), 321-330. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-130451
Braganca de Viana, M. M., Bastos de Andrade, A., Salguero del Valle, A., & González Boto, R. (2008). Flexibilidad: conceptos y generalidades. EFDeportes Revista Digital. https://www.efdeportes.com/efd116/flexibilidad-conceptos-y-generalidades.htm
Chaabene, H, Behm, D. G., Negra, Y., & Granacher, U. (2019). Acute effects of static stretching on muscle strength and power: an attempt to clarify previous caveats. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(1468). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01468
Cheraghi, M., Alinejad, H. A., Archi, A. R., & Shirzad, E. (2014). Kinematics of Straight Right Punch in Boxing. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.AASSJOURNAL.2.2.39
Copoví Lanusse, R. (2015). Análisis del volumen de entrenamiento pliométrico para la mejora del salto. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 120, 43,51. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2015/2).120.06
Del Río Valdivia, J. E., Flores Moreno, P. J., González, J. B., Barajas Pineda, L. T., Medina Valencia, R. T., & Gómez Gómez, E. (2015). Efectos de un programa de flexibilidad en el desarrollo de la fuerza muscular en jugadoras de futbol femenil. Educación Física y Ciencia, 17(2). http://www.efyc.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/EFyCv17n02a06
Dunn, E. C., Humberstone, C. E., Iredale, K. F., & Blazevich, A. J. (2019). A damaging punch: Assessment and application of a method to quantify punch performance. Translational Sports Medicine, 2, 146– 152. https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.71
El-Ashker, S. (2018). The impact of a boxing training program on physical fitness and technical performance effectiveness. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(2), 926-932. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.02137
Farinatti, P, Rubini, E., Silva, E., & Vanfraechem, J. (2014). Flexibility of the Elderly after One-Year Practice of Yoga y Calistenia. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 24(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.24.1.5003007856u32q52
Franchini, E., & Herrera-Valenzuela, T. (2021). Developing flexibility for combat sports athletes. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v16i1s.7005
Gleim, G. W., & McHugh, M. P. (1997). Flexibility and Its Effects on Sports Injury and Performance. Sports Medicine, 24(59, 289-299. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199724050-00001
Hohmann, A., Lames, M., & Letzeier, M. (2005). Introducción a la Ciencia del Entrenamiento. Paidotribo.
Hunter, J. P., & Marshall, R. N. (2002). Effects of power and flexibility training on vertical jump technique. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(3), 478-86. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200203000-00015.
Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A. G., Eldredge, C., & Winchester, J. B. (2007). Chronic Static Stretching Improves Exercise Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(10), 1825-1831. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181238a2b.
Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A. G., Tarawhiti, T., Buckingham, P., & Jason, B. (2010). Early-Phase Resistance Training Strength Gains in Novice Lifters Are Enhanced by Doing Static Stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(2), 502-506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c06ca0
Leite, T. B., Costa, P. B., Leite, R. D., Novaes, J. S., Fleck, S. J., & Simao, R. (2017). Effects of Different Number of Sets of Resistance Training on Flexibility. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(3), 354-364. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28966703
Lenka, P. K., & Shah, V. B. (2019). A Comparative study of Agility, Flexibility and Explosive power of National level Player of Karate, Boxing and Taekwondo. International Journal of Health, Physical Education and Computer Science in Sports, 35(1), 152-154. https://www.journalofsports.com/archives/2019/vol4/issue1/4-1-54
Lima, C. D., Brown, L. E., Li, Y., Herat, N., & Behm, D. (2019). Periodized versus Non-periodized Stretch Training on Gymnasts Flexibility and Performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0942-7571
Lima, P.O., Lima A. A., Coelho, A. C., Lima, Y. L., Almeida, G. P., Bezerra, M. A., & de Oliveira, R. R. (2017). Biomechanical Differences in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes: The Role of Combat Style. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 12(1), 67-74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28217417
López, I., Cirer-Sastre, R., Los Arcos López de Pariza, J., Corbi, F., Calleja Gonzalez, J. y Sitko, S. (2020). Concurrent validity and reliability of an accelerometer to assess punching velocity in boxers. Gazzetta medica italiana. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342231155_Concurrent_validity_and_reliability_of_an_accelerometer_to_assess_punching_velocity_in_boxers
Mack, J., Stojsih, S., Sherman, D., Dau, N., & Bir, C. (2010). Amateur boxer biomechanics and punch force. ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive. https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/4491
Marinho, B. F., Del Vecchio, F. B., & Franchini, E. (2011). Condición Fïsica y Perfil Antropométrico de Atletas de Artes Marciales Mixtas. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 6(2), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v6i2.4
McAtee R., & Charland, J. (2010). Estiramientos Facilitados. Panamericana.
Medeiros, D. M., & Lima, C. S. (2017). Influence of chronic stretching on muscle performance: systematic review. Human Movement Science, 54, 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.05.006
Montealegre Suárez, D. P., & Vidarte Claros, J. A. (2019). Perfil antropométrico, somatotipo y condición física de niños patinadores de Neiva. Acciónmotriz, 22, 43-50. https://accionmotriz.com/index.php/accionmotriz/article/view/129
Omcirk, D., Vetrovsky, T., Padecky, J., Vanbell, S., Malecek, J., & Tufano, J. J. (2021). Punch trackers: correct recognition depends on punch type and training experience. Sensors, 21(2968). https://doi.org/10.3390/ s21092968
Peck, E., Chomko, G., Gaz, D. V., & Farrell, A. M. (2014). The Effects of Stretching on Performance. Current. Sports Medicine Reports, 13(3), 179-85. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000052
Piorkowski, B. A., Lees, A., & Barton, G. (2011). Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics. Sports Biomechanics, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2010.547590
Rees, S. S., Murphy, A. J., Watsford, M. L., McLachlan, K. A., & Couts, A. J. (2007). Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Stiffness and Force-Producing Characteristics of the Ankle in Active Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 572-577. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20175.1
Roa López, I. B. (2009). Índice de Flexibilidad en Deportistas de Rendimiento de la Ciudad de Bogotá. Umbral Científico, 15, 34-39. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30415144005
Rodríguez Casallas, J. I., & Gracia Díaz, A. J. (2015). Evaluación del método Flexitest en los niños y niñas de la escuela de ciclismo de Cajicá – categoría pre infantil e infantil. Actividad Física y Deporte, 1(2). https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/rdafd/article/view/309
Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Pérez, A., Boada, P., García, M., Moreno, C. y Carretero, M. (2014). Estudio de la flexibilidad de luchadores de kickboxing de nivel internacional. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 31(2), 85-91. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159902475
Saraiva, A. R., Reis, V. M., Costa, P. B., Bentes, C. M., Costa e Silva, G. V., & Novaes, J. S. (2014). Chronic effects of different resistance training exercise orders on flexibility in elite judo athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0015
Schwartz, J., Takito, M. Y., Del Vecchio, F. B., Antonietti, L. S., & Franchini, E. (2015). Health-related physical fitness in martial arts and combat sports practitioners. Sport Sciences for Health, 11, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0220-6
Shrier, I. (2004). Does stretching improve performance? A systematic and critical review of the literature. Clinical Journal of Spors Medicine, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200409000-00004
Slimani, M., Chaabene, H., Davis, P., Franchini, E., Cheouer, F., & Chamari, K. (2016). Performance Aspects and Physiological Responses in Male Amateur Boxing Competitions: A Brief Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 31(4), 1132-1141. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19859722
Tiwari, A. K., Pandey, A. S., Dhillon, M. S., & Badhyal, S. (2020). Design and Development of a Device for Performance Analysis and Injury Prevention in Boxing. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Education and Research, 54(4), 231–235. https://www.jpmer.com/doi/JPMER/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1401
Trial W., & Wu, T. (2013). A kinematic analysis of the Thai boxing clinch. Advances in Biomechanics and Applications, 1(1), 057-066. https://doi.org/10.12989/aba.2013.1.1.057
Weineck, J. (2005). Entrenamiento Total. Paidotribo.
Wongputthichai, P., & Ketchatturat,J. (2017). The Effect of Applied Plyometric Training Program on Anthropometry, Muscle Strength Test and Flexibility Test in Male Thai Boxing Athletes. KKU Research Journal, 17(3). https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:114097352
Araujo, C. G. (2005). Flexitest. El método de evaluación de la flexibilidad. Paidotribo.
Araujo, C. G. (2008). Flexibility assessment: Normative values for flexitest from 5 to 91 years of age. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 90, 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0066-782x2008000400008
Balmaseda, M. (2009). Escuela Cubana de Boxeo. Su enseñanza y preparación técnica. Wanceulen.
Basar, S., Duzgun, I., Guzel, N. A., Cicioglu, I., & Celik, B. (2014). Differences in Strength, flexibility and stability in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 27(3), 321-330. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-130451
Braganca de Viana, M. M., Bastos de Andrade, A., Salguero del Valle, A., & González Boto, R. (2008). Flexibilidad: conceptos y generalidades. EFDeportes Revista Digital. https://www.efdeportes.com/efd116/flexibilidad-conceptos-y-generalidades.htm
Chaabene, H, Behm, D. G., Negra, Y., & Granacher, U. (2019). Acute effects of static stretching on muscle strength and power: an attempt to clarify previous caveats. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(1468). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01468
Cheraghi, M., Alinejad, H. A., Archi, A. R., & Shirzad, E. (2014). Kinematics of Straight Right Punch in Boxing. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.AASSJOURNAL.2.2.39
Copoví Lanusse, R. (2015). Análisis del volumen de entrenamiento pliométrico para la mejora del salto. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 120, 43,51. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2015/2).120.06
Del Río Valdivia, J. E., Flores Moreno, P. J., González, J. B., Barajas Pineda, L. T., Medina Valencia, R. T., & Gómez Gómez, E. (2015). Efectos de un programa de flexibilidad en el desarrollo de la fuerza muscular en jugadoras de futbol femenil. Educación Física y Ciencia, 17(2). http://www.efyc.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/EFyCv17n02a06
Dunn, E. C., Humberstone, C. E., Iredale, K. F., & Blazevich, A. J. (2019). A damaging punch: Assessment and application of a method to quantify punch performance. Translational Sports Medicine, 2, 146– 152. https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.71
El-Ashker, S. (2018). The impact of a boxing training program on physical fitness and technical performance effectiveness. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(2), 926-932. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.02137
Farinatti, P, Rubini, E., Silva, E., & Vanfraechem, J. (2014). Flexibility of the Elderly after One-Year Practice of Yoga y Calistenia. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 24(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.24.1.5003007856u32q52
Franchini, E., & Herrera-Valenzuela, T. (2021). Developing flexibility for combat sports athletes. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v16i1s.7005
Gleim, G. W., & McHugh, M. P. (1997). Flexibility and Its Effects on Sports Injury and Performance. Sports Medicine, 24(59, 289-299. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199724050-00001
Hohmann, A., Lames, M., & Letzeier, M. (2005). Introducción a la Ciencia del Entrenamiento. Paidotribo.
Hunter, J. P., & Marshall, R. N. (2002). Effects of power and flexibility training on vertical jump technique. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(3), 478-86. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200203000-00015.
Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A. G., Eldredge, C., & Winchester, J. B. (2007). Chronic Static Stretching Improves Exercise Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(10), 1825-1831. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181238a2b.
Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A. G., Tarawhiti, T., Buckingham, P., & Jason, B. (2010). Early-Phase Resistance Training Strength Gains in Novice Lifters Are Enhanced by Doing Static Stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(2), 502-506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c06ca0
Leite, T. B., Costa, P. B., Leite, R. D., Novaes, J. S., Fleck, S. J., & Simao, R. (2017). Effects of Different Number of Sets of Resistance Training on Flexibility. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(3), 354-364. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28966703
Lenka, P. K., & Shah, V. B. (2019). A Comparative study of Agility, Flexibility and Explosive power of National level Player of Karate, Boxing and Taekwondo. International Journal of Health, Physical Education and Computer Science in Sports, 35(1), 152-154. https://www.journalofsports.com/archives/2019/vol4/issue1/4-1-54
Lima, C. D., Brown, L. E., Li, Y., Herat, N., & Behm, D. (2019). Periodized versus Non-periodized Stretch Training on Gymnasts Flexibility and Performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0942-7571
Lima, P.O., Lima A. A., Coelho, A. C., Lima, Y. L., Almeida, G. P., Bezerra, M. A., & de Oliveira, R. R. (2017). Biomechanical Differences in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes: The Role of Combat Style. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 12(1), 67-74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28217417
López, I., Cirer-Sastre, R., Los Arcos López de Pariza, J., Corbi, F., Calleja Gonzalez, J. y Sitko, S. (2020). Concurrent validity and reliability of an accelerometer to assess punching velocity in boxers. Gazzetta medica italiana. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342231155_Concurrent_validity_and_reliability_of_an_accelerometer_to_assess_punching_velocity_in_boxers
Mack, J., Stojsih, S., Sherman, D., Dau, N., & Bir, C. (2010). Amateur boxer biomechanics and punch force. ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive. https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/4491
Marinho, B. F., Del Vecchio, F. B., & Franchini, E. (2011). Condición Fïsica y Perfil Antropométrico de Atletas de Artes Marciales Mixtas. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 6(2), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v6i2.4
McAtee R., & Charland, J. (2010). Estiramientos Facilitados. Panamericana.
Medeiros, D. M., & Lima, C. S. (2017). Influence of chronic stretching on muscle performance: systematic review. Human Movement Science, 54, 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.05.006
Montealegre Suárez, D. P., & Vidarte Claros, J. A. (2019). Perfil antropométrico, somatotipo y condición física de niños patinadores de Neiva. Acciónmotriz, 22, 43-50. https://accionmotriz.com/index.php/accionmotriz/article/view/129
Omcirk, D., Vetrovsky, T., Padecky, J., Vanbell, S., Malecek, J., & Tufano, J. J. (2021). Punch trackers: correct recognition depends on punch type and training experience. Sensors, 21(2968). https://doi.org/10.3390/ s21092968
Peck, E., Chomko, G., Gaz, D. V., & Farrell, A. M. (2014). The Effects of Stretching on Performance. Current. Sports Medicine Reports, 13(3), 179-85. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000052
Piorkowski, B. A., Lees, A., & Barton, G. (2011). Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics. Sports Biomechanics, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2010.547590
Rees, S. S., Murphy, A. J., Watsford, M. L., McLachlan, K. A., & Couts, A. J. (2007). Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Stiffness and Force-Producing Characteristics of the Ankle in Active Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 572-577. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20175.1
Roa López, I. B. (2009). Índice de Flexibilidad en Deportistas de Rendimiento de la Ciudad de Bogotá. Umbral Científico, 15, 34-39. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30415144005
Rodríguez Casallas, J. I., & Gracia Díaz, A. J. (2015). Evaluación del método Flexitest en los niños y niñas de la escuela de ciclismo de Cajicá – categoría pre infantil e infantil. Actividad Física y Deporte, 1(2). https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/rdafd/article/view/309
Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Pérez, A., Boada, P., García, M., Moreno, C. y Carretero, M. (2014). Estudio de la flexibilidad de luchadores de kickboxing de nivel internacional. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 31(2), 85-91. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159902475
Saraiva, A. R., Reis, V. M., Costa, P. B., Bentes, C. M., Costa e Silva, G. V., & Novaes, J. S. (2014). Chronic effects of different resistance training exercise orders on flexibility in elite judo athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0015
Schwartz, J., Takito, M. Y., Del Vecchio, F. B., Antonietti, L. S., & Franchini, E. (2015). Health-related physical fitness in martial arts and combat sports practitioners. Sport Sciences for Health, 11, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0220-6
Shrier, I. (2004). Does stretching improve performance? A systematic and critical review of the literature. Clinical Journal of Spors Medicine, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200409000-00004
Slimani, M., Chaabene, H., Davis, P., Franchini, E., Cheouer, F., & Chamari, K. (2016). Performance Aspects and Physiological Responses in Male Amateur Boxing Competitions: A Brief Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 31(4), 1132-1141. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19859722
Tiwari, A. K., Pandey, A. S., Dhillon, M. S., & Badhyal, S. (2020). Design and Development of a Device for Performance Analysis and Injury Prevention in Boxing. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Education and Research, 54(4), 231–235. https://www.jpmer.com/doi/JPMER/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1401
Trial W., & Wu, T. (2013). A kinematic analysis of the Thai boxing clinch. Advances in Biomechanics and Applications, 1(1), 057-066. https://doi.org/10.12989/aba.2013.1.1.057
Weineck, J. (2005). Entrenamiento Total. Paidotribo.
Wongputthichai, P., & Ketchatturat,J. (2017). The Effect of Applied Plyometric Training Program on Anthropometry, Muscle Strength Test and Flexibility Test in Male Thai Boxing Athletes. KKU Research Journal, 17(3). https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:114097352
