MLS Sport Research
Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2022)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Asociación entre resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y madurez intelectual en niños de escuela primaria: implicaciones educativas
Publicado Jun 9, 2022
Resumen
Objetivo. Este estudio analizó la relación entre la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria de estudiantes de 10 a 12 años y su madurez intelectual como indicador para mejorar el rendimiento académico. Método. Los datos se recogieron de centros de Educación Primaria de España. Participaron un total de 150 niños de 5° y 6° grado (edad = 10,72 ± 1,25 años). La prueba de Leger midió la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la prueba de dibujo de Goodenough-Harris evaluó la madurez intelectual y las calificaciones escolares el rendimiento académico. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los géneros; los chicos mostraron mayor resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas de género en la edad mental. Los niños con mejores puntuaciones físicas de resistencia aeróbica obtuvieron mejores resultados en la prueba de dibujo de Goodenough-Harris. A su vez, la madurez intelectual resultó ser un indicador sólido del rendimiento académico. Conclusiones. Existe una relación entre la madurez intelectual y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en niños del tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria, lo cual es relevante para la salud y el rendimiento académico.
Palabras clave:
Desarrollo cognitivo, rendimiento académico, logro educativo, acondicionamiento físico, educación para la salud, educación primaria
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Sánchez Boyano, J. M., & Berrios Aguayo, B. (2022). Asociación entre resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y madurez intelectual en niños de escuela primaria: implicaciones educativas. MLS Sport Research, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.54716/mlssr.v2i1.1349
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Campbell, C., & Bond, T. (2017). Investigating young children’s human figure drawings using Rasch analysis. Educational Psychology, 37(7), 888–906. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2017.1287882
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Ellemberg, D., & St-Louis-Deschênes, M. (2010). The effect of acute physical exercise on cognitive function during development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.09.006
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Gunstad, J., Spitznagel, M. B., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Kohn, M., Luyster, F. S., … Gordon, E. (2008). Body mass index and neuropsychological function in healthy children and adolescents. Appetite, 50(2–3), 246–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.008
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Hamlin, M. J., Fraser, M., Lizamore, C. A., Draper, N., Shearman, J. P., & Kimber, N. E. (2014). Measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness in children from two commonly used field tests after accounting for body fatness and maturity. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0010
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Harris, D. B. (1963). Children’s drawings as measures of intellectual maturity. Harcourt, Brace & World.
Hasab Allah, M. F., El Adawy, A. R., Moustafa, M. F., & Ali, H. A. (2012). Effect of Mode of Delivery on Children Intelligence Quotient at Pre-School Age in El-Minia City. Journal of American Science, 88(1212), 1188–1198. http://www.jofamericanscience.org
Heinonen, K., Räikkönen, K., Pesonen, A.-K., Kajantie, E., Andersson, S., Eriksson, J. G., Lano, A. (2008). Prenatal and postnatal growth and cognitive abilities at 56 months of age: a longitudinal study of infants born at term. Pediatrics, 121(5), e1325-33. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1172
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Janssen, I., LeBlanc, A. G., Janssen, I., Twisk, J., Tolfrey, K., Jones, A., Janssen, I. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Janssen, M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Rauh, S. P., Toussaint, H. M., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. A. L. M. (2014). A short physical activity break from cognitive tasks increases selective attention in primary school children aged 10–11. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 7(3), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.07.001
Kabiri, L. S., Mitchell, K., Brewer, W., & Ortiz, A. (2017). Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Homeschool versus Public School Children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 29(3), 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0028
Krombholz, H. (2006). Physical performance in relation to age, sex, birth order, social class, and sports activities of preschool children 1. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102(2), 477–484. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.102.2.477-484
Lambating, J., & Allen, J. D. (2002). How the multiple functions of grades influence their validity and value as measures of academic achievement. In Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (p. 32). New Orleand.
Latorre-Román, P. Á., Mora-López, D., & García-Pinillos, F. (2016). Intellectual maturity and physical fitness in preschool children. Pediatrics International, 58(6), 450–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.12898
Latorre Román, P. Á., García Pinillos, F., Pantoja Vallejo, A., & Berrios Aguayo, B. (2017). Creativity and physical fitness in primary school-aged children. Pediatrics International, 59(11), 1194-1199. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13391
Leger, L. A., Mercier, D., Gadouryl, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 6, 93–101.
Li, Y., Dai, Q., Jackson, J. C., & Zhang, J. (2008). Overweight is associated with decreased cognitive functioning among school-age children and adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 16(8), 1809–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.296
Liu, N. Y.-S., Plowman, S. A., & Looney, M. A. (1992). The Reliability and Validity of the 20-Meter Shuttle Test in American Students 12 to 15 Years Old. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63(4), 360–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1992.10608757
Loxton, H., Mostert, J., & Moffatt, D. (2006). Creening of intellectual maturity: Exploring south african preschoolers’ scores on the goodenough-harris drawing test and teachers’ assessment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 103(6), 515. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.103.6.515-525
Mahar, M. T., Murphy, S. K., Rowe, D. A., Golden, J., Shields, A. T., & Raedeke, T. D. (2006). Effects of a classroom-based program on physical activity and on-task behavior. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(12), 2086–94. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000235359.16685.a3
Mamani Ortiz, Y., Choque Ontiveros, M. del C., & Rojas Salazar, E. G. (2014). Nutritional status and its relationship with the IQ of children of school age. Gaceta Médica Boliviana, 37(1), 6–10. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?pid=S1012-29662014000100002&script=sci_arttext
Niederer, I., Kriemler, S., Gut, J., Hartmann, T., Schindler, C., Barral, J., & Puder, J. J. (2011). Relationship of aerobic fitness and motor skills with memory and attention in preschoolers (Ballabeina): a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMC Pediatrics, 11, 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-34
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