MLS Sport Research
Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2022)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Revisión sistemática sobre la mejora de la velocidad en jugadores de fútbol sub-19
Publicado Jan 9, 2023
Resumen
El objetivo fue comparar y analizar la efectividad de diferentes metodologías de entrenamiento para la mejora de la velocidad en futbolistas sub-19. Se llevó a cabo un estudio bibliográfico de revisión sistemática. Mediante la declaración PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de la base de datos PubMed. Se incluyeron artículos que fueran estudios de intervención escritos en castellano o en inglés, llevados a cabo en jugadores de 10 a 19 años, que tuvieran al menos un método de entrenamiento pliométrico, de fuerza o de sprint para la mejora de la velocidad y que tuvieran una evaluación del sprint. Los resultados de las intervenciones mostraron beneficios en la mejora de la velocidad a través del método pliométrico (TE=0,66) en test de 20 m, fuerza explosiva (TE=0,64) en test de 5 m y sprint (TE=0,33) en test de 20 m. Se puede llegar a la conclusión de que el método de fuerza explosiva obtiene mayores beneficios en las distancias cortas (5-10 m) cuando se emplean intensidades bajas y en jugadores de 17 años, el volumen de entrenamiento ideal es de 2 sesiones por semana. El método de sprint en distancias más largas (20-30 m) en edades de 14-15 años, con un volumen de entrenamiento de una o dos sesiones por semana. El pliométrico logra los mismos beneficios en distancias cortas y largas (5-30 m) para edades de 15-16 años y sin diferencias notables en el volumen de entrenamiento.
Palabras clave:
Pliométrico, fuerza explosiva, sprint, entrenamiento, método, test
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Cómo citar
del Castillo Revuelta, M., Osmani, F., & Lago Fuentes, C. (2023). Revisión sistemática sobre la mejora de la velocidad en jugadores de fútbol sub-19. MLS Sport Research, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.54716/mlssr.v2i2.1742
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Asadi, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Arazi, H., & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2018). The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(21), 2405–2411. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1459151
Barraza Gómez, F., Cajas Luna, B., Instronza Bailles, A., López Montes, B., & Rodríguez Moraga, D. (2011). Analysis of anthropometric variables and biomechanical influence the rateo of children who play football between 10 and 14 year of Santiago Wanderers Club of Valparaíso. Journal of Movement and Health (JMH), 12(2), 32-36. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6367064
Beato, M., Bianchi, M., Coratella, G., Merlini, M., & Drust, B. (2018). Effects of plyometric and directional training on speed and jump performance in elite youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(2), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002371
Bianchi, M., Coratella, G., Dello Iacono, A., & Beato, M. (2019). Comparative effects of single vs. double weekly plyometric training sessions on jump, sprint and change of directions abilities of elite youth football players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(6), 910–915. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08804-7
Coratella, G., Beato, M., Milanese, C., Longo, S., Limonta, E., Rampichini, S., Ce, E., Bisconti, A. V., Schena, F., & Esposito, F. (2018). Specific adaptations in performance and muscle architecture after weighted jump squat vs. body mass squat jump training in recreational soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 921–929. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002463
de Hoyo, M., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Sañudo, B., Sañudo, S., Carrascal, C., Plaza-Armas, J. R., Camacho-Candil, F., & Otero-Esquina, C. (2016). Comparative effects of in-season full-back squat, resisted sprint training, and plyometric training on explosive performance in U-19 elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Association, 30(2), 368-377.
Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., Hisdal, J., & Seiler, S. (2014). The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0121
Hernández, Y. H., García, J. M., Hernando, Y., & Prieto, H. (2012). Efectos de un entrenamiento específico de potencia aplicado a futbolistas juveniles para la mejora de la velocidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 28, 125-144.
Jiménez-Reyes, P., Samozino, P., Brughelli, M., & Morin, J. B. (2017). Effectiveness of an individualized training based on force-velocity profiling during jumping. Frontiers in Physiology, 7(677). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00677
Loturco, I., Jeffreys, I., Abad, C. C. C., Kobal, R., Zanetti, V., Pereira, L. A., & Nimphius, S. (2020). Change-of-direction, speed and jump performance in soccer players: a comparison across different age-categories. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1574276
Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Reis, V. P., Bishop, C., Zanetti, V., Alcaraz, P. E., Freitas, T. T., & Mcguigan, M. R. (2020). Power training in elite young soccer players: Effects of using loads above or below the optimum power zone. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1416–1422. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1651614
Marzouki, H., Ouergui, I., Doua, N., Gmada, N., Bouassida, A., & Bouhlel, E. (2021). Effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions per week of equal-volume sprint training on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances in young soccer players. Biology of Sport, 38(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.5114/BIOLSPORT.2020.97675
Moran, J., Parry, D. A., Lewis, I., Collison, J., Rumpf, M. C., & Sandercock, G. R. H. (2018). Maturation-related adaptations in running speed in response to sprint training in youth soccer players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(5), 538–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.012
Morin, J. B., Petrakos, G., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Brown, S. R., Samozino, P., & Cross, M. R. (2017). Very-heavy sled training for improving horizontal-force output in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(6), 840–844. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0444
Morin, J. B., & Samozino, P. (2016). Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(2), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638
Negra, Y., Chaabene, H., Sammoud, S., Prieske, O., Moran, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Nejmaoui, A., & Granacher, U. (2020). The increased effectiveness of loaded versus unloaded plyometric jump training in improving muscle power, speed, change of direction, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(2), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0866
Nuñez, F. J., Hoyo, M., Muñoz López, A. M., Sañudo, B., Otero-Esquina, C., Sanchez, H., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2019). Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(12), 796–802. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0977-5478
Otero-Esquina, C., de Hoyo Lora, M., Gonzalo-Skok, Ó., Domínguez-Cobo, S., & Sánchez, H. (2017). Is strength-training frequency a key factor to develop performance adaptations in young elite soccer players? European Journal of Sport Science, 17(10), 1241–1251. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1378372
Pavillon, T., Tourny, C., ben Aabderrahman, A., Salhi, I., Zouita, S., Rouissi, M., Hackney, A. C., Granacher, U., & Zouhal, H. (2021). Sprint and jump performances in highly trained young soccer players of different chronological age: Effects of linear vs change of direction sprint training. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 19(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2020.10.003
Real Federación Española de Fútbol. (2017). https://www.rfef.es/competiciones/licencias
Rey, E., Padrón-Cabo, A., Costa, P. B., & Lago-Fuentes, C. (2019). Effects of different repeated sprint-training frequencies in youth soccer players. Biology of Sport, 36(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.87047
Rumpf, M. C., Cronin, J. B., Oliver, J. L., & Hughes, M. (2011). Assessing Youth Sprint Ability-Methodological Issues, Reliability and Performance Data. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23, 442-467.
Saéz-Saez de Villareal, E., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506. www.nsca-jscr.org
Sedano Campo, S., Cuadrado Sáenz, G., Carlos, J., & Castán, R. (2007). Valoración de la influencia de la práctica del fútbol en la evolución de la fuerza, la flexibilidad y la velocidad en población infantil. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, (87), 54-63.
Barraza Gómez, F., Cajas Luna, B., Instronza Bailles, A., López Montes, B., & Rodríguez Moraga, D. (2011). Analysis of anthropometric variables and biomechanical influence the rateo of children who play football between 10 and 14 year of Santiago Wanderers Club of Valparaíso. Journal of Movement and Health (JMH), 12(2), 32-36. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6367064
Beato, M., Bianchi, M., Coratella, G., Merlini, M., & Drust, B. (2018). Effects of plyometric and directional training on speed and jump performance in elite youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(2), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002371
Bianchi, M., Coratella, G., Dello Iacono, A., & Beato, M. (2019). Comparative effects of single vs. double weekly plyometric training sessions on jump, sprint and change of directions abilities of elite youth football players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(6), 910–915. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08804-7
Coratella, G., Beato, M., Milanese, C., Longo, S., Limonta, E., Rampichini, S., Ce, E., Bisconti, A. V., Schena, F., & Esposito, F. (2018). Specific adaptations in performance and muscle architecture after weighted jump squat vs. body mass squat jump training in recreational soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 921–929. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002463
de Hoyo, M., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Sañudo, B., Sañudo, S., Carrascal, C., Plaza-Armas, J. R., Camacho-Candil, F., & Otero-Esquina, C. (2016). Comparative effects of in-season full-back squat, resisted sprint training, and plyometric training on explosive performance in U-19 elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Association, 30(2), 368-377.
Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., Hisdal, J., & Seiler, S. (2014). The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0121
Hernández, Y. H., García, J. M., Hernando, Y., & Prieto, H. (2012). Efectos de un entrenamiento específico de potencia aplicado a futbolistas juveniles para la mejora de la velocidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 28, 125-144.
Jiménez-Reyes, P., Samozino, P., Brughelli, M., & Morin, J. B. (2017). Effectiveness of an individualized training based on force-velocity profiling during jumping. Frontiers in Physiology, 7(677). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00677
Loturco, I., Jeffreys, I., Abad, C. C. C., Kobal, R., Zanetti, V., Pereira, L. A., & Nimphius, S. (2020). Change-of-direction, speed and jump performance in soccer players: a comparison across different age-categories. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1574276
Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Reis, V. P., Bishop, C., Zanetti, V., Alcaraz, P. E., Freitas, T. T., & Mcguigan, M. R. (2020). Power training in elite young soccer players: Effects of using loads above or below the optimum power zone. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11–12), 1416–1422. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1651614
Marzouki, H., Ouergui, I., Doua, N., Gmada, N., Bouassida, A., & Bouhlel, E. (2021). Effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions per week of equal-volume sprint training on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances in young soccer players. Biology of Sport, 38(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.5114/BIOLSPORT.2020.97675
Moran, J., Parry, D. A., Lewis, I., Collison, J., Rumpf, M. C., & Sandercock, G. R. H. (2018). Maturation-related adaptations in running speed in response to sprint training in youth soccer players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(5), 538–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.012
Morin, J. B., Petrakos, G., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Brown, S. R., Samozino, P., & Cross, M. R. (2017). Very-heavy sled training for improving horizontal-force output in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(6), 840–844. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0444
Morin, J. B., & Samozino, P. (2016). Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(2), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638
Negra, Y., Chaabene, H., Sammoud, S., Prieske, O., Moran, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Nejmaoui, A., & Granacher, U. (2020). The increased effectiveness of loaded versus unloaded plyometric jump training in improving muscle power, speed, change of direction, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(2), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0866
Nuñez, F. J., Hoyo, M., Muñoz López, A. M., Sañudo, B., Otero-Esquina, C., Sanchez, H., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2019). Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(12), 796–802. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0977-5478
Otero-Esquina, C., de Hoyo Lora, M., Gonzalo-Skok, Ó., Domínguez-Cobo, S., & Sánchez, H. (2017). Is strength-training frequency a key factor to develop performance adaptations in young elite soccer players? European Journal of Sport Science, 17(10), 1241–1251. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1378372
Pavillon, T., Tourny, C., ben Aabderrahman, A., Salhi, I., Zouita, S., Rouissi, M., Hackney, A. C., Granacher, U., & Zouhal, H. (2021). Sprint and jump performances in highly trained young soccer players of different chronological age: Effects of linear vs change of direction sprint training. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 19(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2020.10.003
Real Federación Española de Fútbol. (2017). https://www.rfef.es/competiciones/licencias
Rey, E., Padrón-Cabo, A., Costa, P. B., & Lago-Fuentes, C. (2019). Effects of different repeated sprint-training frequencies in youth soccer players. Biology of Sport, 36(3), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.87047
Rumpf, M. C., Cronin, J. B., Oliver, J. L., & Hughes, M. (2011). Assessing Youth Sprint Ability-Methodological Issues, Reliability and Performance Data. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23, 442-467.
Saéz-Saez de Villareal, E., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506. www.nsca-jscr.org
Sedano Campo, S., Cuadrado Sáenz, G., Carlos, J., & Castán, R. (2007). Valoración de la influencia de la práctica del fútbol en la evolución de la fuerza, la flexibilidad y la velocidad en población infantil. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, (87), 54-63.
