https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-9911
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-9911
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-9911
Número del Artículo
Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2024)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Publicado: 2024-07-10
El fútbol es un deporte de cooperación-oposición, con elevada incertidumbre y en el que se dan constantemente acciones de alta intensidad que demandan al futbolista un elevado nivel de rendimiento físico. El trabajo en el gimnasio se ha convertido en los últimos años en una herramienta imprescindible y se ha demostrado que un entrenamiento de fuerza antes del inicio de un partido ofrece mejoras en el rendimiento condicional del futbolista gracias al efecto de potenciación post-activación (PAP). El objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión fue comprobar qué protocolos de entrenamientos de fuerza maximizan el efecto de la PAP. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en PubMed, encontrando 144 artículos que, una vez filtrados en base a los criterios de inclusión, se redujeron a 13. Fueron mantenidas las directrices para el diseño de revisiones establecidas por PRISMA. Los resultados muestran que para la mayoría de los autores el entrenamiento de fuerza, con protocolos con ejercicios tanto concéntricos, como excéntricos o pliométricos, en todos los planos del movimiento, con un volumen bajo y a altas intensidades (±85%1RM) en el entrenamiento convencional o máximas si se trata de ejercicios pliométricos, con un descanso a la prueba de entre 5 y 10 minutos, podría ser beneficioso para el rendimiento posterior en un partido de fútbol. Se concluyó que existen aspectos diferenciales como que no todas las personas responderán igual ante un mismo protocolo de PAP, siendo determinantes la edad o la experiencia previa en el entrenamiento de fuerza.
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