https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-9911
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-9911
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-9911
Número del Artículo
Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2024)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Publicado: 2024-07-10
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática ha sido comparar los diferentes métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza para mejorar el rendimiento en pruebas de entre 800 y 5000 m en atletismo, eventos caracterizados por altos requerimientos de capacidad aeróbica, de fuerza máxima y de potencia. La base de datos Pubmed fue empleada para buscar artículos originales acerca del entrenamiento de fuerza en medio fondistas. Para ello se introdujeron diferentes combinaciones de algunos términos como: “middle distance”, “running performance”, “VO2max”, “running economy”, “resistance training”, “strength training”, “concurrent training” y “plyometric training”. Los artículos cuyas intervenciones fueron evaluadas con test de contrarreloj superiores a 5 km fueron excluidos. Inicialmente se recolectaron 298 artículos, de los cuales 9 fueron seleccionados atendiendo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Tras un periodo de intervención con una duración de 6 a 12 semanas, en todos los artículos se observaron mejoras en parámetros fisiológicos y neuromusculares, a excepción de uno. En este estudio se apreció una tendencia a la mejora, aunque los cambios no fueron significativos. Los estudios que mayores mejoras obtuvieron, realizaron entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas del 70 % RM o superior. Además, este entrenamiento de fuerza fue combinado con ejercicios pliométricos realizados sin peso adicional o añadiendo un 30% del peso corporal. En conclusión, combinar el entrenamiento de fuerza a una intensidad del 70%RM o superior a 4-10 repeticiones con entrenamiento pliométrico, parece ser el método más efectivo para optimizar el rendimiento en carreras de medio fondo
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