MLS Sport Research
Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2021)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Efectos del ejercicio físico en la dismenorrea primaria. Revisión sistemática
Publicado May 31, 2021
Resumen
La dismenorrea primaria (DP) es el trastorno menstrual más común y se define como menstruación dolorosa. Este problema de salud reduce la calidad de vida de más del 70% de las mujeres que lo padecen, por lo que los principales objetivos de esta revisión fueron evaluar si realizar ejercicio físico era seguro para estas mujeres y, conociendo sus efectos en la DP, comparar los distintos ejercicios o métodos de entrenamiento analizando cuáles son los más eficaces. En este trabajo se revisaron artículos procedentes de la base de datos PubMed, seleccionando aquellos escritos en castellano e inglés, que no tuviesen más de 5 años y escogiendo estudios de intervención para realizar el análisis. Además, se completó la información con la página web del Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos. Las intervenciones señalaron al ejercicio físico como un tratamiento positivo para la DP. Las mejoras más significativas se obtuvieron en el dolor e intensidad de la menstruación. También hubo reducciones en la angustia menstrual, la duración del dolor y en los analgésicos consumidos, así como mejoras en la calidad de vida. Se concluye que el ejercicio físico realizado de una forma regular es un método seguro y eficaz para reducir los síntomas producidos por la DP. La práctica prolongada en el tiempo también tendrá efectos beneficiosos a la larga, reduciendo aún más estos síntomas y mejorando la salud en general de la persona. Además, cabe destacar que este tratamiento no genera efectos secundarios en el organismo. El ejercicio aeróbico parece ser el método de entrenamiento más efectivo para los síntomas dismenorreicos, seguido de algunos ejercicios de estiramiento o el yoga.
Palabras clave:
Menstruación, dolor menstrual, síntomas dismenorreicos, entrenamiento, salud
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Cómo citar
Millares Samperio, M., & Pardo, A. (2021). Efectos del ejercicio físico en la dismenorrea primaria. Revisión sistemática. MLS Sport Research, 1(1). Recuperado a partir de https://www.mlsjournals.com/Sport-Research/article/view/621
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Aboushady, R. M. y El-saidy T. M. (2016). Effect of Home-based Stretching Exercises and Menstrual Care on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Symptoms among Adolescent Girls. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 5(2), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0502054757
Armour, M., Ee, C. C., Naidoo, D., Ayati, Z., Chalmers, K. J., Steel, K. A., De Manincor M. J. y Delshad, E. (2019). Exercise for dysmenorrhea (review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9), 1-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004142.pub4.
Armour, M., Smith, C. A., Steel, K. A. y Macmillan, F. (2019). The effectiveness of self-care and lifestyle interventions in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(22), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2433-8
Azima, S., Bakhshayesh, H. R., Kaviani, M., Abbasnia, K. y Sayadi, M. (2015). Comparison of the Effect of Massage Therapy and Isometric Exercises on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28(6), 486-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.02.003
Carroquino-Garcia, P., Jiménez-Rejano, J. J., Medrano-Sanchez, E., De La Casa-Almeida, M., Diaz-Mohedo, E. y Suarez-Serrano, C. (2019). Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physical therapy, 99(10), 1371-1380. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz101.
Dehnavi, Z. M., Jafarnejad, F. y Kamali, Z. (2018). The Effect of aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea: A clinical trial study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_79_17
Fallah, F. y Mirfeizi, M. (2018). How Is the Quality and Quantity of Primary Dysmenorrhea Affected by Physical Exercises? A Study Among Iranian Students. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 6(1), 60-66. https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2018.11
Garro, V., Thuel, M. y Robles, V. (2019). Primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents: management in primary care. Revista Médica Sinergia, 4(11), e296. https://doi.org/10.31434/rms.v4i11.296
Gmoorthy, T., Laxmi, R., Kaviraja, K. y Giridharan, G.V. (2018). To compare the effects of stretching exercise versus aerobic dance in primary dysmenorrhea among collegiates. Drug Invention Today, 10(1), 2844-2848.
Heidarimoghadam, R., Abdolmaleki, E., Kazemi, F., Masoumi, S. Z., Khodakarami, B. y Mohammadi, Y. (2019). The Effect of Exercise Plan Based on FITT Protocol on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Medical Students: A Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 19(3), e00456. http://jrhs.umsha.ac.ir/index.php/JRHS/article/view/4801/pdf
Kannan, P., Chapple, C. M., Miller, D., Claydon-Mueller, L. y Baxter, G. D. (2019). Effectiveness of a treadmill-based aerobic exercise intervention on pain, daily functioning, and quality of life in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 81, 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.004
Kanwal, R., Masood, T., Awan, W. A., Babur, M. N. y Baig, M. S. (2016). Effectiveness of TENS versus stretching exercises on primary dysmenorrhea in students. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 5(02), 18-24.
Kiranmayi, P., Ponmathi, P. y Sivakumar, V. P. (2016). Comparison of Aerobic versus Stretching Exercise Programmes on pain and Menstrual Symptoms in Subjects with Primary Dysmenorrhea. Journal of Women's Health Care, 5(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000327
Kirthika, S. V., Padmanabhan, K., Sudhakar, S., Aravind, S., Kumar, C. P. y Monika, S. (2018). Efficacy of Yoga Asana and Gym Ball Exercises in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Single-Blind, Two Group, Pretest-Posttest, Randomized Controlled Trial. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 5(2), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_93_17
Matthewman, G., Lee, A., Kaur, J. G. y Daley, A. J. (2018). Physical activity for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 219(3), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.001
Motahari-Tabari, N., Shirvani, M. A. y Alipour, A. (2017). Comparison of the Effect of Stretching Exercises and Mefenamic Acid on the Reduction of Pain and Menstruation Characteristics in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oman Medical Journal, 32(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2017.09
Ortiz, M. I., Cortés-Márquez, S. K., Romero-Quezada, L. C., Murguía-Cánovas, G. y Jaramillo-Díaz, A. P. (2015). Effect of a physiotherapy program in women with primary dysmenorrhea. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 194, 24-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.008
Saleh, H. S., Mowafy, H. E. y El Hameid, A. A. (2016). Stretching or Core Strengthening Exercises for Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea. J Women’s Health Care, 5(295), 2167-0420. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000295
Samy, A., Zaki, S. S., Metwally, A. A., Mahmoud, D. S. E., Elzahaby, I. M., Amin, A. H., Eissa, A. I., Abbas, A. M., Hussein A. H., Talaat, B. y Ali, A. S. (2019). The Effect of Zumba Exercise on Reducing Menstrual Pain in Young Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 32(5), 541-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2019.06.001
Shirvani, M. A., Motahari-Tabari, N. y Alipour, A. (2017). Use of ginger versus stretching exercises for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(4), 295-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60348-0
Sutar, A., Paldhikar, S., Shikalgar, N. y Ghodey, S. (2016). Effect of aerobic exercises on primary dysmenorrhoea in college students. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 5(5), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0505052024
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Dysmenorrhea: Painful Periods. https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Dysmenorrhea-Painful-Periods?IsMobileSet=false
Vaziri, F., Hoseini, A., Kamali, F., Abdali, K., Hadianfard, M. y Sayadi, M. (2015). Comparing the Effects of Aerobic and Stretching Exercises on the Intensity of Primary Dysmenorrhea in the Students of Universities of Bushehr. Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, 9(1), 23-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405513/
Yang, N. y Kim, S. (2016). Effects of a Yoga Program on Menstrual Cramps and Menstrual Distress in Undergraduate Students with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 22(9), 732-738. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2016.0058
Yonglitthipagon, P., Muansiangsai, S., Wongkhumngern, W., Donpunha, W., Chanavirut, R., Siritaratiwat, W., Mato, L., Eungpinichpong, W. y Janyacharoen, T. (2017). Effect of yoga on the menstrual pain, physical fitness, and quality of life of young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 21(4), 840-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.01.014
Armour, M., Ee, C. C., Naidoo, D., Ayati, Z., Chalmers, K. J., Steel, K. A., De Manincor M. J. y Delshad, E. (2019). Exercise for dysmenorrhea (review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9), 1-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004142.pub4.
Armour, M., Smith, C. A., Steel, K. A. y Macmillan, F. (2019). The effectiveness of self-care and lifestyle interventions in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(22), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2433-8
Azima, S., Bakhshayesh, H. R., Kaviani, M., Abbasnia, K. y Sayadi, M. (2015). Comparison of the Effect of Massage Therapy and Isometric Exercises on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28(6), 486-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.02.003
Carroquino-Garcia, P., Jiménez-Rejano, J. J., Medrano-Sanchez, E., De La Casa-Almeida, M., Diaz-Mohedo, E. y Suarez-Serrano, C. (2019). Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physical therapy, 99(10), 1371-1380. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz101.
Dehnavi, Z. M., Jafarnejad, F. y Kamali, Z. (2018). The Effect of aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea: A clinical trial study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_79_17
Fallah, F. y Mirfeizi, M. (2018). How Is the Quality and Quantity of Primary Dysmenorrhea Affected by Physical Exercises? A Study Among Iranian Students. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 6(1), 60-66. https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2018.11
Garro, V., Thuel, M. y Robles, V. (2019). Primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents: management in primary care. Revista Médica Sinergia, 4(11), e296. https://doi.org/10.31434/rms.v4i11.296
Gmoorthy, T., Laxmi, R., Kaviraja, K. y Giridharan, G.V. (2018). To compare the effects of stretching exercise versus aerobic dance in primary dysmenorrhea among collegiates. Drug Invention Today, 10(1), 2844-2848.
Heidarimoghadam, R., Abdolmaleki, E., Kazemi, F., Masoumi, S. Z., Khodakarami, B. y Mohammadi, Y. (2019). The Effect of Exercise Plan Based on FITT Protocol on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Medical Students: A Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 19(3), e00456. http://jrhs.umsha.ac.ir/index.php/JRHS/article/view/4801/pdf
Kannan, P., Chapple, C. M., Miller, D., Claydon-Mueller, L. y Baxter, G. D. (2019). Effectiveness of a treadmill-based aerobic exercise intervention on pain, daily functioning, and quality of life in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 81, 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.004
Kanwal, R., Masood, T., Awan, W. A., Babur, M. N. y Baig, M. S. (2016). Effectiveness of TENS versus stretching exercises on primary dysmenorrhea in students. International Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences (IJRS), 5(02), 18-24.
Kiranmayi, P., Ponmathi, P. y Sivakumar, V. P. (2016). Comparison of Aerobic versus Stretching Exercise Programmes on pain and Menstrual Symptoms in Subjects with Primary Dysmenorrhea. Journal of Women's Health Care, 5(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000327
Kirthika, S. V., Padmanabhan, K., Sudhakar, S., Aravind, S., Kumar, C. P. y Monika, S. (2018). Efficacy of Yoga Asana and Gym Ball Exercises in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Single-Blind, Two Group, Pretest-Posttest, Randomized Controlled Trial. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 5(2), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_93_17
Matthewman, G., Lee, A., Kaur, J. G. y Daley, A. J. (2018). Physical activity for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 219(3), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.001
Motahari-Tabari, N., Shirvani, M. A. y Alipour, A. (2017). Comparison of the Effect of Stretching Exercises and Mefenamic Acid on the Reduction of Pain and Menstruation Characteristics in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oman Medical Journal, 32(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2017.09
Ortiz, M. I., Cortés-Márquez, S. K., Romero-Quezada, L. C., Murguía-Cánovas, G. y Jaramillo-Díaz, A. P. (2015). Effect of a physiotherapy program in women with primary dysmenorrhea. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 194, 24-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.008
Saleh, H. S., Mowafy, H. E. y El Hameid, A. A. (2016). Stretching or Core Strengthening Exercises for Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea. J Women’s Health Care, 5(295), 2167-0420. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000295
Samy, A., Zaki, S. S., Metwally, A. A., Mahmoud, D. S. E., Elzahaby, I. M., Amin, A. H., Eissa, A. I., Abbas, A. M., Hussein A. H., Talaat, B. y Ali, A. S. (2019). The Effect of Zumba Exercise on Reducing Menstrual Pain in Young Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 32(5), 541-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2019.06.001
Shirvani, M. A., Motahari-Tabari, N. y Alipour, A. (2017). Use of ginger versus stretching exercises for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(4), 295-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60348-0
Sutar, A., Paldhikar, S., Shikalgar, N. y Ghodey, S. (2016). Effect of aerobic exercises on primary dysmenorrhoea in college students. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 5(5), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0505052024
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Dysmenorrhea: Painful Periods. https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Dysmenorrhea-Painful-Periods?IsMobileSet=false
Vaziri, F., Hoseini, A., Kamali, F., Abdali, K., Hadianfard, M. y Sayadi, M. (2015). Comparing the Effects of Aerobic and Stretching Exercises on the Intensity of Primary Dysmenorrhea in the Students of Universities of Bushehr. Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, 9(1), 23-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405513/
Yang, N. y Kim, S. (2016). Effects of a Yoga Program on Menstrual Cramps and Menstrual Distress in Undergraduate Students with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 22(9), 732-738. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2016.0058
Yonglitthipagon, P., Muansiangsai, S., Wongkhumngern, W., Donpunha, W., Chanavirut, R., Siritaratiwat, W., Mato, L., Eungpinichpong, W. y Janyacharoen, T. (2017). Effect of yoga on the menstrual pain, physical fitness, and quality of life of young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 21(4), 840-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.01.014
