MLS Sport Research
Vol 1 No 1 (2021)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Anterior cross ligament injury (ACL) in cantabrian football players. Descriptive analysis of risk factors
Published Jun 25, 2021
Abstract
Introduction: The rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of the most problematic injuries in the world of football, not only because of the period that it will keep the subject inactive, but also because of the consequences that it can produce in the athlete. Objectives: To know some of the risk factors, as well as the mechanism of ACL injuries in the last three seasons in Cantabrian football. Material and methods: Data was collected on different risk factors of all ACL injured Cantabrian soccer players in the last 3 seasons (2016 to 2019). These data were recorded through an interview conducted by the Cantabrian Football Federation. The initial sample was 93 people, 84 being men (H) and 9 women (M). Results: The competition turned out to be more harmful than the training (H: 88.5%; M: 77.8%), being the first part of the match where there were more injuries (H: 47.8%; M: 66.7 %). Defenders in men (50.7%) and midfielders in women (55.6%) were the most affected positions. With 87% in men and 100% in women, the injuries occurred on artificial grass with the use of Artificial Grass (AG) studs (H: 46.4%; M: 77.8%) and during the month of April (H: 4.5%; M: 33.3%). In addition, the injuries occurred without contact (H: 73.9%; M: 77.8%) and 66.7% in both groups did not perform preventive work. Conclusions: ACL injury occurs mainly without contact, with the use of AG cleats on artificial turf, during the first part of the game and in April. Defenders in men and midfielders in women were the most affected positions.
Keywords:
Epidemiology, soccer, causes, anterior cruciate ligament, incidence, risk factors
Article Details
How to Cite
Peredo López, F., Bárcena, R., & Mecías Calvo, M. (2021). Anterior cross ligament injury (ACL) in cantabrian football players. Descriptive analysis of risk factors. MLS Sport Research, 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.mlsjournals.com/Sport-Research/article/view/654
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References
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Alentorn-Geli, E., Myer, G. D., Silvers, H. J., Samitier, G., Romero, D., Lázaro-Haro, C., & Cugat, R. (2009). Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 17(7), 705-729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0823-z.
Ardern, C. L., Webster, K. E., Taylor, N. F., & Feller, J. A. (2011). Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. Br J Sports Med, 45(7), 596-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.076364
Barber-Westin, S. D., Noyes, F. R., Smith, S. T., & Campbell, T. M. (2009). Reducing the risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the female athlete. The Physician and sportsmedicine, 37(3), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2009.10.1729
Barth, K. A., Lawton, C. D., Touhey, D. C., Selley, R. S., Li, D. D., Balderama, E. S., Nuber,C.D., & Hsu, W. K. (2019). The negative impact of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in professional male footballers. The Knee, 26(1), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2009.10.1729
Cos, F., Cos, M. À., Buenaventura, L., Pruna, R., & Ekstrand, J. (2010). Modelos de análisis para la prevención de lesiones en el deporte. Estudio epidemiológico de lesiones: el modelo Union of European Football Associations en el fútbol. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 45(166), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2010.02.007
Dai, B., Mao, D., Garrett, W. E., & Yu, B. (2014). Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer: Loading mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention programs. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 3(4), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.06.002
Dick, R., Putukian, M., Agel, J., Evans, T. A., & Marshall, S. W. (2007). Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's soccer injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988–1989 through 2002–2003. Journal of athletic training, 42(2), 278.
Ekstrand, J., Waldén, M., & Hägglund, M. (2004). A congested football calendar and the wellbeing of players: correlation between match exposure of European footballers before the World Cup 2002 and their injuries and performances during that World Cup. British journal of sports medicine, 38(4), 493-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009134
Ekstrand, J., Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study. British journal of sports medicine,45(7), 553-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582
Faunø, P., & Jakobsen, B. W. (2006). Mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. International journal of sports medicine, 27(01), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837485
Garín Zertuche, D. E., Reyes Padilla, E., & Penagos Paniagua, A. (2016). Lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior. Opciones actuales de tratamiento en el deportista. Ortho-tips, 12(2), 88-95.
Gaspar-Junior, J. J., Onaka, G. M., Barbosa, F. S. S., Martinez, P. F., & Oliveira-Junior, S. A. (2019). Epidemiological profile of soccer-related injuries in a state Brazilian championship: An observational study of 2014–15 season. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 10(2), 374-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2018.05.006
Giza, E., Mithöfer, K., Farrell, L., Zarins, B., & Gill, T. (2005). Injuries in women’s professional soccer. British journal of sports medicine, 39(4), 212-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.011973
Griffin, L. Y., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B. D., DeMaio, M., Dick, RW., Engebretsen, L., Garrett, WE Jr., Hannafin, JA., Hewett, TE., Huston, LJ., Ireland, ML., Johnson, RJ., Lephart, S., Mandelbaum, BR., Mann, BJ., Marks, PH., Marshall, SW., Myklebust, G., Noyes, FR., Powers, C., Shields, C Jr., Shultz, SJ., Silvers, H., Slauterbeck, J., Taylor, DC., Teitz, CC., Wojtys, EM., & Yu B.(2006). Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005. The American journal of sports medicine, 34(9), 1512-1532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506286866
Hewett, T. E., Ford, K. R., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Myer, G. D. (2010). Understanding and preventing acl injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations-update 2010. North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 5(4), 234.
Leyes, J. Y., Pérez, L. T., & de Olano, C. C. (2011). Lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior en fútbol femenino. Estudio epidemiológico de tres temporadas. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 46(171), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2011.02.006
McCall, A., Carling, C., Nedelec, M., Davison, M., Le Gall, F., Berthoin, S., & Dupont, G. (2014). Risk factors, testing and preventative strategies for non-contact injuries in professional football: current perceptions and practices of 44 teams from various premier leagues. Br J Sports Med, 48(18), 1352-1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093439
Meyers, M. C. (2017). Incidence, mechanisms, and severity of match-related collegiate men’s soccer injuries on fieldturf and natural grass surfaces: a 6-year prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine, 45(3), 708-718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516671715
Noya, J., & Sillero, M. (2012). Incidencia lesional en el fútbol profesional español a lo largo de una temporada: días de baja por lesión. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 47(176), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2011.10.001
Paredes Hernández, V., Martos Varela, S., & Romero Moraleda, B. (2011). Propuesta de readaptación para la rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior en fútbol. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte/International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport, 11(43).
Price, M. J., Tuca, M., Cordasco, F. A., & Green, D. W. (2017). Nonmodifiable risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Current opinion in pediatrics, 29(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000444
Pujals, C., Rubio, V. J., Marquez, M. O., Sánchez Iglesias, I., & Ruiz Barquín, R. (2016). Comparative sport injury epidemiological study on a Spanish sample of 25 different sports. Revista de psicología del deporte, 25(2), 0271-279.
Queen, R. M., Charnock, B. L., Garrett, W. E., Hardaker, W. M., Sims, E. L., & Moorman, C. T. (2008). A comparison of cleat types during two football-specific tasks on FieldTurf. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(4), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.036517
RFEF (2017). Real Federación Española de Fútbol. http://cdn1.sefutbol.com/sites/default/files/rfef_memoria_2017_licencias.pdf
Rochcongar, P., Laboute, E., Jan, J., & Carling, C. (2009). Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in soccer.International journal of sports medicine, 30(05), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0741-0
Romero Rodriguez, D., & Tous Fajardo, J. (2011). Prevención de lesiones en el deporte. Claves para un rendimiento deportivo óptimo. Ed panamricana.
Salces, J. N. (2015). Análisis de la incidencia lesional en el fútbol profesional español en la temporada 2008-2009 (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid).
Schiffner, E., Latz, D., Grassmann, J. P., Schek, A., Thelen, S., Windolf, J., Schneppendahl, J., & Jungbluth, P. (2018). Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in German elite soccer players: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and return to play. The Knee, 25(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2018.01.010
Tegnander, A., Olsen, O. E., Moholdt, T. T., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2008). Injuries in Norwegian female elite soccer: a prospective one-season cohort study. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 16(2), 194-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-007-0403-z
Teresa, M. (2003). Epidemiología de las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior en el futbolista profesional. Archivos de medicina del deporte, 20(96), 299-303.
Thomson, A., Whiteley, R., Wilson, M., & Bleakley, C. (2019). Six different football shoes, one playing surface and the weather; Assessing variation in shoe-surface traction over one season of elite football. PloS one, 14(4), e0216364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216364
Waldén, M., Hägglund, M., Magnusson, H., & Ekstrand, J. (2016). ACL injuries in men's professional football: a 15-year prospective study on time trends and return-to-play rates reveals only 65% of players still play at the top level 3 years after ACL rupture. Br J Sports Med, 50(12), 744-750. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095952
Waldén, M., Hägglund, M., Magnusson, H., & Ekstrand, J. (2011). Anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite football: a prospective three-cohort study. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 19(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1170-9
Waldén, M., Krosshaug, T., Bjørneboe, J., Andersen, T. E., Faul, O., & Hägglund, M. (2015). Three distinct mechanisms predominate in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases. Br J Sports Med, 49(22), 1452-1460. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094573
Alanís-Blancas, L. M., Zamora-Muñoz, P., & Cruz-Miranda, Á. (2012). Ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior en mujeres deportistas. In Anales médicos (Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 93-97).
Alentorn-Geli, E., Myer, G. D., Silvers, H. J., Samitier, G., Romero, D., Lázaro-Haro, C., & Cugat, R. (2009). Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 17(7), 705-729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0823-z.
Ardern, C. L., Webster, K. E., Taylor, N. F., & Feller, J. A. (2011). Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. Br J Sports Med, 45(7), 596-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.076364
Barber-Westin, S. D., Noyes, F. R., Smith, S. T., & Campbell, T. M. (2009). Reducing the risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the female athlete. The Physician and sportsmedicine, 37(3), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2009.10.1729
Barth, K. A., Lawton, C. D., Touhey, D. C., Selley, R. S., Li, D. D., Balderama, E. S., Nuber,C.D., & Hsu, W. K. (2019). The negative impact of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in professional male footballers. The Knee, 26(1), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2009.10.1729
Cos, F., Cos, M. À., Buenaventura, L., Pruna, R., & Ekstrand, J. (2010). Modelos de análisis para la prevención de lesiones en el deporte. Estudio epidemiológico de lesiones: el modelo Union of European Football Associations en el fútbol. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 45(166), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2010.02.007
Dai, B., Mao, D., Garrett, W. E., & Yu, B. (2014). Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer: Loading mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention programs. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 3(4), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.06.002
Dick, R., Putukian, M., Agel, J., Evans, T. A., & Marshall, S. W. (2007). Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's soccer injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988–1989 through 2002–2003. Journal of athletic training, 42(2), 278.
Ekstrand, J., Waldén, M., & Hägglund, M. (2004). A congested football calendar and the wellbeing of players: correlation between match exposure of European footballers before the World Cup 2002 and their injuries and performances during that World Cup. British journal of sports medicine, 38(4), 493-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009134
Ekstrand, J., Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study. British journal of sports medicine,45(7), 553-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582
Faunø, P., & Jakobsen, B. W. (2006). Mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. International journal of sports medicine, 27(01), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837485
Garín Zertuche, D. E., Reyes Padilla, E., & Penagos Paniagua, A. (2016). Lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior. Opciones actuales de tratamiento en el deportista. Ortho-tips, 12(2), 88-95.
Gaspar-Junior, J. J., Onaka, G. M., Barbosa, F. S. S., Martinez, P. F., & Oliveira-Junior, S. A. (2019). Epidemiological profile of soccer-related injuries in a state Brazilian championship: An observational study of 2014–15 season. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 10(2), 374-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2018.05.006
Giza, E., Mithöfer, K., Farrell, L., Zarins, B., & Gill, T. (2005). Injuries in women’s professional soccer. British journal of sports medicine, 39(4), 212-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.011973
Griffin, L. Y., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B. D., DeMaio, M., Dick, RW., Engebretsen, L., Garrett, WE Jr., Hannafin, JA., Hewett, TE., Huston, LJ., Ireland, ML., Johnson, RJ., Lephart, S., Mandelbaum, BR., Mann, BJ., Marks, PH., Marshall, SW., Myklebust, G., Noyes, FR., Powers, C., Shields, C Jr., Shultz, SJ., Silvers, H., Slauterbeck, J., Taylor, DC., Teitz, CC., Wojtys, EM., & Yu B.(2006). Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005. The American journal of sports medicine, 34(9), 1512-1532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506286866
Hewett, T. E., Ford, K. R., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Myer, G. D. (2010). Understanding and preventing acl injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations-update 2010. North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 5(4), 234.
Leyes, J. Y., Pérez, L. T., & de Olano, C. C. (2011). Lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior en fútbol femenino. Estudio epidemiológico de tres temporadas. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 46(171), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2011.02.006
McCall, A., Carling, C., Nedelec, M., Davison, M., Le Gall, F., Berthoin, S., & Dupont, G. (2014). Risk factors, testing and preventative strategies for non-contact injuries in professional football: current perceptions and practices of 44 teams from various premier leagues. Br J Sports Med, 48(18), 1352-1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093439
Meyers, M. C. (2017). Incidence, mechanisms, and severity of match-related collegiate men’s soccer injuries on fieldturf and natural grass surfaces: a 6-year prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine, 45(3), 708-718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516671715
Noya, J., & Sillero, M. (2012). Incidencia lesional en el fútbol profesional español a lo largo de una temporada: días de baja por lesión. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 47(176), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2011.10.001
Paredes Hernández, V., Martos Varela, S., & Romero Moraleda, B. (2011). Propuesta de readaptación para la rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior en fútbol. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte/International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport, 11(43).
Price, M. J., Tuca, M., Cordasco, F. A., & Green, D. W. (2017). Nonmodifiable risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Current opinion in pediatrics, 29(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000444
Pujals, C., Rubio, V. J., Marquez, M. O., Sánchez Iglesias, I., & Ruiz Barquín, R. (2016). Comparative sport injury epidemiological study on a Spanish sample of 25 different sports. Revista de psicología del deporte, 25(2), 0271-279.
Queen, R. M., Charnock, B. L., Garrett, W. E., Hardaker, W. M., Sims, E. L., & Moorman, C. T. (2008). A comparison of cleat types during two football-specific tasks on FieldTurf. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(4), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.036517
RFEF (2017). Real Federación Española de Fútbol. http://cdn1.sefutbol.com/sites/default/files/rfef_memoria_2017_licencias.pdf
Rochcongar, P., Laboute, E., Jan, J., & Carling, C. (2009). Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in soccer.International journal of sports medicine, 30(05), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0741-0
Romero Rodriguez, D., & Tous Fajardo, J. (2011). Prevención de lesiones en el deporte. Claves para un rendimiento deportivo óptimo. Ed panamricana.
Salces, J. N. (2015). Análisis de la incidencia lesional en el fútbol profesional español en la temporada 2008-2009 (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid).
Schiffner, E., Latz, D., Grassmann, J. P., Schek, A., Thelen, S., Windolf, J., Schneppendahl, J., & Jungbluth, P. (2018). Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in German elite soccer players: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and return to play. The Knee, 25(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2018.01.010
Tegnander, A., Olsen, O. E., Moholdt, T. T., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2008). Injuries in Norwegian female elite soccer: a prospective one-season cohort study. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 16(2), 194-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-007-0403-z
Teresa, M. (2003). Epidemiología de las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior en el futbolista profesional. Archivos de medicina del deporte, 20(96), 299-303.
Thomson, A., Whiteley, R., Wilson, M., & Bleakley, C. (2019). Six different football shoes, one playing surface and the weather; Assessing variation in shoe-surface traction over one season of elite football. PloS one, 14(4), e0216364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216364
Waldén, M., Hägglund, M., Magnusson, H., & Ekstrand, J. (2016). ACL injuries in men's professional football: a 15-year prospective study on time trends and return-to-play rates reveals only 65% of players still play at the top level 3 years after ACL rupture. Br J Sports Med, 50(12), 744-750. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095952
Waldén, M., Hägglund, M., Magnusson, H., & Ekstrand, J. (2011). Anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite football: a prospective three-cohort study. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 19(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1170-9
Waldén, M., Krosshaug, T., Bjørneboe, J., Andersen, T. E., Faul, O., & Hägglund, M. (2015). Three distinct mechanisms predominate in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases. Br J Sports Med, 49(22), 1452-1460. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094573
