MLS Sport Research
Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2022)
ISSN: 2792-7156
Incidencia lesional en el fútbol
Publicado Jun 9, 2022
Resumen
El fútbol es el deporte universalmente más popular y el más extendido, lo que implica, además, ser uno de los deportes de equipo con mayor IL. Las lesiones afectan de manera negativa al rendimiento del deportista y del equipo. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las lesiones producidas a lo largo de la temporada 2016/2017 de la primera y segunda división española en función del tipo de lesión, posición del jugador, minuto en que se produce la lesión y la edad del jugador. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, en el cual la muestra fue conformada por los jugadores de los 42 equipos de la Liga Santander y la Liga 123 del fútbol español. Las lesiones más comunes han sido las lesiones musculares (>50%), aumentando en la Liga 123 hasta el 75% de la incidencia. Los deportistas que más lesiones sufrieron fueron los defensas (>40%) mientras que los porteros registraron el menor IL (<4%). Este hecho se puede deber a la menor distancia recorrida tanto a una intensidad normal como a la distancia recorrida a alta intensidad. Los deportistas comprendidos entre los 21 y los 29 años padecieron un mayor número de lesiones (>35%) y, además, ocurrieron en gran parte durante la segunda mitad del partido.
Palabras clave:
fútbol, lesión, epidemiología
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Cómo citar
Gómez Cárdaba, Álvaro, Magni Cruz, A., & Mecías Calvo, M. (2022). Incidencia lesional en el fútbol. MLS Sport Research, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.54716/mlssr.v2i1.663
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Andersen, T. E., Tenga, A., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2004). Video analysis of injuries and incidents in Norwegian professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(5), 626–631. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.007955
Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, S. B., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2004). Risk Factors for Injuries in Football. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1_suppl), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258912
Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O’Donoghue, P. (2007). Physical Demands of Different Positions in FA Premier League Soccer. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(1), 63–70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149226
Carling, C., Orhant, E., & Legall, F. (2010). Match injuries in professional soccer: Inter-seasonal variation and effects of competition type, match congestion and positional role. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(4), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0029-1243646
Dauty, M., & Collon, S. (2011). Incidence of Injuries in French Professional Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(12), 965–969. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0031-1283188
Drust, B., Atkinson, G., & Reilly, T. (2007). Future Perspectives in the Evaluation of the Physiological Demands of Soccer. Sports Medicine, 37(9), 783–805. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737090-00003
Dvorak, J., & Junge, A. (2000). Football Injuries and Physical Symptoms. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5_suppl), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-3
Dvorak, J., Junge, A., Derman, W., & Schwellnus, M. (2011). Injuries and illnesses of football players during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(8), 626–630. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.079905
Dvorak, J., Junge, A., Grimm, K., & Kirkendall, D. (2007). Medical report from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(9), 578–581. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.034579
Eirale, C., Gillogly, S., Singh, G., & Chamari, K. (2017). Injury and illness epidemiology in soccer - effects of global geographical differences - a call for standardized and consistent research studies. Biology of Sport, 34(3), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2017.66002
Eirale, C., Tol, J. L., Farooq, A., Smiley, F., & Chalabi, H. (2013). Low injury rate strongly correlates with team success in Qatari professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(12), 807–808. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091040
Ekstrand, J, Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(7), 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582
Ekstrand, J, Waldén, M., & Hägglund, M. (2004). A congested football calendar and the wellbeing of players: correlation between match exposure of European footballers before the World Cup 2002 and their injuries and performances during that World Cup. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(4), 493–497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009134
Ekstrand, Jan, Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Epidemiology of Muscle Injuries in Professional Football (Soccer). The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(6), 1226–1232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510395879
Faude, O., Meyer, T., Federspiel, B., & Kindermann, W. (2009). Injuries in elite German football-A media-based analysis. Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin, 60(6), 139–144.
Hägglund, M., Waldén, M., Magnusson, H., Kristenson, K., Bengtsson, H., & Ekstrand, J. (2013). Injuries affect team performance negatively in professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(12), 738–742. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092215
Hawkins, R. D., & Fuller, C. W. (1998). An examination of the frequency and severity of injuries and incidents at three levels of professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(4), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.32.4.326
Hawkins, R. D., & Fuller, C. W. (1999). A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(3), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.33.3.196
Hawkins, R. D., Hulse, M. A., Wilkinson, C., Hodson, A., & Gibson, M. (2001). The association football medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.1.43
Inklaar, H. (1994). Soccer Injuries. Sports Medicine, 18(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418010-00006
Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2000). Influence of Definition and Data Collection on the Incidence of Injuries in Football. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5_suppl), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-40
Junge, A., Dvorak, J., & Graf-Baumann, T. (2004). Football Injuries during the World Cup 2002. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1_suppl), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261246
Leventer, L., Eek, F., Hofstetter, S., & Lames, M. (2016). Injury Patterns among Elite Football Players: A Media-based Analysis over 6 Seasons with Emphasis on Playing Position. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(11), 898–908. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0042-108201
Lüthje, P., Nurmi, I., Kataja, M., Belt, E., Helenius, P., Kaukonen, J. P., Kiviluoto, H., Kokko, E., Lehtipuu, T. P., Lehtonen, A., Liukkonen, T., Myllyniemi, J., Rasilainen, P., Tolvanen, E., Virtanen, H., & Walldén, M. (1996). Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in elite soccer: a prospective study in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 6(3), 180–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00087.x
Majewski, M., Susanne, H., & Klaus, S. (2006). Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study. The Knee, 13(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2006.01.005
Morgan, B. E., & Oberlander, M. A. (2001). An Examination of Injuries in Major League Soccer: The Inaugural Season. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(4), 426–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290040701
Noya, J., & Sillero, M. (2012a). Epidemiología de las lesiones en el fútbol profesional español en la temporada 2008-2009. Arch Med Deporte, 150(4), 750–766.
Noya, J., & Sillero, M. (2012b). Incidencia lesional en el fútbol profesional español a lo largo de una temporada: días de baja por lesión. Apunts Sports Medicine, 47(176), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2011.10.001
Olmedilla Zafra, A., Andreu Álvarez, M. D., Ortín Montero, F. J., & Blas Redondo, A. (2015). Lesiones y fútbol base: un análisis en dos clubes de la Región de Murcia (Injuries and young football players: an analysis in two clubs of Murcia Region). Retos, 16, 63–66. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i16.34976
Peterson, L., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Graf-Baumann, T., & Dvorak, J. (2000). Incidence of Football Injuries and Complaints in Different Age Groups and Skill-Level Groups. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5_suppl), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-51
Phillips, L. H. (2000). Sports injury incidence. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(2), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.133
Price, R. J., Hawkins, R. D., Hulse, M. A., & Hodson, A. (2004). The Football Association medical research programme: an audit of injuries in academy youth football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(4), 466–471. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.005165
Ryynänen, J., Junge, A., Dvorak, J., Peterson, L., Karlsson, J., & Börjesson, M. (2013). The effect of changes in the score on injury incidence during three FIFA World Cups. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(15), 960–964. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091843
Stevenson, M. R., Hamer, P., Finch, C. F., Elliot, B., & Kresnow, M. (2000). Sport, age, and sex specific incidence of sports injuries in Western Australia. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(3), 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.3.188
Volpi, P., Melegati, G., Tornese, D., & Bandi, M. (2004). Muscle strains in soccer: a five-year survey of an Italian major league team. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 12(5), 482–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-003-0478-0
Yoon, Y. S., Chai, M., & Shin, D. W. (2004). Football Injuries at Asian Tournaments. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1_suppl), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399703258781
Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, S. B., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2004). Risk Factors for Injuries in Football. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1_suppl), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258912
Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O’Donoghue, P. (2007). Physical Demands of Different Positions in FA Premier League Soccer. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(1), 63–70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149226
Carling, C., Orhant, E., & Legall, F. (2010). Match injuries in professional soccer: Inter-seasonal variation and effects of competition type, match congestion and positional role. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(4), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0029-1243646
Dauty, M., & Collon, S. (2011). Incidence of Injuries in French Professional Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(12), 965–969. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0031-1283188
Drust, B., Atkinson, G., & Reilly, T. (2007). Future Perspectives in the Evaluation of the Physiological Demands of Soccer. Sports Medicine, 37(9), 783–805. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737090-00003
Dvorak, J., & Junge, A. (2000). Football Injuries and Physical Symptoms. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5_suppl), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-3
Dvorak, J., Junge, A., Derman, W., & Schwellnus, M. (2011). Injuries and illnesses of football players during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(8), 626–630. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.079905
Dvorak, J., Junge, A., Grimm, K., & Kirkendall, D. (2007). Medical report from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(9), 578–581. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.034579
Eirale, C., Gillogly, S., Singh, G., & Chamari, K. (2017). Injury and illness epidemiology in soccer - effects of global geographical differences - a call for standardized and consistent research studies. Biology of Sport, 34(3), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2017.66002
Eirale, C., Tol, J. L., Farooq, A., Smiley, F., & Chalabi, H. (2013). Low injury rate strongly correlates with team success in Qatari professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(12), 807–808. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091040
Ekstrand, J, Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(7), 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582
Ekstrand, J, Waldén, M., & Hägglund, M. (2004). A congested football calendar and the wellbeing of players: correlation between match exposure of European footballers before the World Cup 2002 and their injuries and performances during that World Cup. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(4), 493–497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.009134
Ekstrand, Jan, Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Epidemiology of Muscle Injuries in Professional Football (Soccer). The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(6), 1226–1232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510395879
Faude, O., Meyer, T., Federspiel, B., & Kindermann, W. (2009). Injuries in elite German football-A media-based analysis. Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin, 60(6), 139–144.
Hägglund, M., Waldén, M., Magnusson, H., Kristenson, K., Bengtsson, H., & Ekstrand, J. (2013). Injuries affect team performance negatively in professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(12), 738–742. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092215
Hawkins, R. D., & Fuller, C. W. (1998). An examination of the frequency and severity of injuries and incidents at three levels of professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(4), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.32.4.326
Hawkins, R. D., & Fuller, C. W. (1999). A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(3), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.33.3.196
Hawkins, R. D., Hulse, M. A., Wilkinson, C., Hodson, A., & Gibson, M. (2001). The association football medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.1.43
Inklaar, H. (1994). Soccer Injuries. Sports Medicine, 18(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418010-00006
Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2000). Influence of Definition and Data Collection on the Incidence of Injuries in Football. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5_suppl), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-40
Junge, A., Dvorak, J., & Graf-Baumann, T. (2004). Football Injuries during the World Cup 2002. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1_suppl), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261246
Leventer, L., Eek, F., Hofstetter, S., & Lames, M. (2016). Injury Patterns among Elite Football Players: A Media-based Analysis over 6 Seasons with Emphasis on Playing Position. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(11), 898–908. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0042-108201
Lüthje, P., Nurmi, I., Kataja, M., Belt, E., Helenius, P., Kaukonen, J. P., Kiviluoto, H., Kokko, E., Lehtipuu, T. P., Lehtonen, A., Liukkonen, T., Myllyniemi, J., Rasilainen, P., Tolvanen, E., Virtanen, H., & Walldén, M. (1996). Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in elite soccer: a prospective study in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 6(3), 180–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00087.x
Majewski, M., Susanne, H., & Klaus, S. (2006). Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study. The Knee, 13(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2006.01.005
Morgan, B. E., & Oberlander, M. A. (2001). An Examination of Injuries in Major League Soccer: The Inaugural Season. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(4), 426–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290040701
Noya, J., & Sillero, M. (2012a). Epidemiología de las lesiones en el fútbol profesional español en la temporada 2008-2009. Arch Med Deporte, 150(4), 750–766.
Noya, J., & Sillero, M. (2012b). Incidencia lesional en el fútbol profesional español a lo largo de una temporada: días de baja por lesión. Apunts Sports Medicine, 47(176), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2011.10.001
Olmedilla Zafra, A., Andreu Álvarez, M. D., Ortín Montero, F. J., & Blas Redondo, A. (2015). Lesiones y fútbol base: un análisis en dos clubes de la Región de Murcia (Injuries and young football players: an analysis in two clubs of Murcia Region). Retos, 16, 63–66. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i16.34976
Peterson, L., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Graf-Baumann, T., & Dvorak, J. (2000). Incidence of Football Injuries and Complaints in Different Age Groups and Skill-Level Groups. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5_suppl), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-51
Phillips, L. H. (2000). Sports injury incidence. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(2), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.133
Price, R. J., Hawkins, R. D., Hulse, M. A., & Hodson, A. (2004). The Football Association medical research programme: an audit of injuries in academy youth football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(4), 466–471. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.005165
Ryynänen, J., Junge, A., Dvorak, J., Peterson, L., Karlsson, J., & Börjesson, M. (2013). The effect of changes in the score on injury incidence during three FIFA World Cups. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(15), 960–964. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091843
Stevenson, M. R., Hamer, P., Finch, C. F., Elliot, B., & Kresnow, M. (2000). Sport, age, and sex specific incidence of sports injuries in Western Australia. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(3), 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.3.188
Volpi, P., Melegati, G., Tornese, D., & Bandi, M. (2004). Muscle strains in soccer: a five-year survey of an Italian major league team. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 12(5), 482–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-003-0478-0
Yoon, Y. S., Chai, M., & Shin, D. W. (2004). Football Injuries at Asian Tournaments. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1_suppl), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399703258781
