Environmental Sciences and Practices
Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2022)
Obtención de ácidos grasos de metil esteres en biomasa algal a diferentes tasas de aireación en FBR de columna
Publicado Jul 21, 2022
Resumen
Los combustibles fósiles contribuyen en la contaminación del aire, por los compuestos que se liberan a la atmosfera durante la combustión; por esta razón se han propuesto reemplazarlos por los llamados biocombustibles, como el biodiesel que es la mezcla de esteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAME) por sus siglas en inglés, que puede sustituir al diésel y se obtiene de diferentes materias primas, como la biomasa. En este trabajo se analizó la variación de ciertas propiedades bioquímicas y FAME de Chlorella vulgaris debida al efecto de la hidrodinámica en fotobiorreactores de columna (FBRC), alternando los flujos de aireación de (0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25) vvm y luz blanca continua; se analizó la tasa de corte para probable presencia de estrés hidrodinámico. Los datos en tasa de corte fueron bajos (26.34 a 45.60) s-1, mientras que los máximos valores de crecimiento celular y tasa de crecimiento específico (µ) fueron de (6.80 x 106 cel mL-1 y 0.023 d-1), respectivamente, estos datos muestran presencia de estrés por esfuerzo de corte, influyendo ligeramente en los resultados; por otra parte, el consumo de nitrógeno fue de 65% a 0.75 vvm y productividad de lípidos de 15.92 mgL-1d-1 a 1.25 vvm. En relación a los FAME, se observó mayor presencia de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) a 0.75 vvm, 1.75 vvm y 2.25 vvm; mientras que a 1.25 vvm, fueron saturados (SFA); la mayor cantidad de monoinsaturados (MUFA) fue a 0.75 vvm. Existió mayor presencia de los componentes C12:0; C20:5N3; C24:1; C 22:0; C22:2.
Palabras clave:
FAME, aireación, Chlorella vulgaris fotobiorreactor, hidrodinámica
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Robles Heredia, J., Narvaez García, A., & Ruiz Marin, A. (2022). Obtención de ácidos grasos de metil esteres en biomasa algal a diferentes tasas de aireación en FBR de columna. Environmental Sciences and Practices, 1(1). Recuperado a partir de https://www.mlsjournals.com/Environmental-Science-Practices/article/view/1364
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Agarwal, A., Rana, M., & Park, J. H. (2018). Advancement in technologies for the depolymerization of lignin. In Fuel Processing Technology (Vol. 181, pp. 115–132). Elsevier B.V.
Al-Ameri, M. & Al-Zuhair, S. (2019). Using switchable solvents for enhanced, simultaneous microalgae oil extraction-reaction for biodiesel production. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 141, 217–224.
Alishah Aratboni, H., Rafiei, N., Garcia-Granados, R., Alemzadeh, A., & Morones-Ramírez, J. R. (2019). Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications. In Microbial Cell Factories (Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 1– 17). BioMed Central Ltd.
Anto, S., Mukherjee, S. S., Muthappa, R., Mathimani, T., Deviram, G., Kumar, S. S., Verma, T. N., & Pugazhendhi, A. (2020). Algae as green energy reserve: Technological outlook on biofuel production. Chemosphere, 242, 125079.
Arguelles, E. D., Laurena, A. C., Monsalud, R. G., 6 Martinez-Goss, M. R. (2018). Fatty acid profile and fuel-derived physicochemical properties of biodiesel obtained from an indigenous green microalga, Desmodesmus sp. (I-AU1), as potential source of renewable lipid and high quality biodiesel. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30(1), 411–419.
Ashok, V., Shriwastav, A., Bose, P., & Gupta, S. K. (2019). Phycoremediation of wastewater using algal-bacterial photobioreactor: Effect of nutrient load and light intensity. Bioresource Technology Reports, 7(March), 100205.
Babcock, R.W., Malda, J., & Radway, C. (2002). Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a tubular airlift photobioreactor. Journal of Applied Phycology, 14, 169-184.
Basto-Florez, L. E., Millán-Alvarado, S. A., Medina-Caballero, L. F., Mora-Vergara, L. Z., & Caballero-Hernández, Y. T. (2022). Estudio del biodiesel obtenido a partir de aceite de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo). Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial, 20(1), 41-53.
Beal, C.M., Gerber, L.N., Sills, D.L., Huntley, M.E., Machesky, S.C., & Walsh, M. J. (2015). Algal biofuel production for fuels and feed in a 100-ha facility: a comprehensive techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment. Algal Res-Biomass Biofuels Bioprod, 10, 66–79.
Bligh, E.G., & Dyer, W.J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol, 8, 911–917.
Castillo, Omar S., Torres-Badajoz, S. G., Núñez-Colín, C. A., Peña-Caballero, V., Herrera Méndez, C. H., & Rodríguez-Núñez, J. R. (2017). Producción de biodiésel a partir de microalgas: avances y perspectivas biotecnológicas. Hidrobiológica, 27(3), 337-352.
Castellanos, I. C., González-Peralta, K., & Pinzón-Torres, S. J. (2020). Microalgas como alternativa sostenible para la producción de biodiesel. Revista Ontare, 6. https://doi.org/10.21158/23823399.v6.n0.2018.2425
Cerri, M.O., Futiwaki, L., Cruz, A.J., & Badino, A.C. (2008). Average shear rate for non-Newtonian fluids in a concentric-tube airlift bioreactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39, 51–57.
Chandrasekhar K, Lee Y-J., & Lee D-W. (2015). Biohydrogen production: strategies to improve process efficiency through microbial routes. Int J Mol Sci Int J Mol Sci, 16, 8266–93.
Chew K.W., Chia S.R., Show P.L., Yap Y.J., Ling T.C., & Chang J.S. (2018). Effects of water culture medium, cultivation systems and growth modes for microalgae cultivation: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1–13.
Chiu, S., Kao, C., Chen, C., Kuan, T., Ong, S. & Lin, C. (2008). Reduction of CO2 by a high-density culture of Chlorella sp. in a semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 99(9), 3389-3396.
De Jesus, S. S., Ferreira, G. F., Moreira, L. S., Wolf Maciel, M. R., & Maciel Filho, R. (2019). Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from wet microalgae using green solvents. Renewable Energy, 143, 130–141.
Deconinck, N., Muylaert, K., Ivens, W., & Vandamme, D. (2018). Innovative harvesting processes for microalgae biomass production: A perspective from patent literature. In Algal Research (Vol. 31, pp. 469–477). Elsevier B.V.
Doran, P. M. (1995). Bioprocess engineering principles . London: Academic Press Limited.
Gómez-Luna, L., Tormos-Cedeño, L., & Ortega-Díaz, Y. (2022). Cultivo y aplicaciones de Chlorella vulgaris: principales tendencias y potencialidades en la agricultura. Tecnología Química, 42(1), 70-93. Epub 30 de abril de 2022.
González Lazo, Y., Rodríguez Ramos P.A., Sánchez Borroto, Y.S., et al. (2019). Diseño y simulación de un fotobiorreactor para el cultivo de la microalga Chlorella Vulgaris. Ing. Mecánica. 22(3), 169-77.
Guillard, R.R.L., & Ryther, J.H. (1962) Studies on Marine Planktonic Diatoms I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8, 229-239.
Jiang, L., Ji, Y., Hu, W., Pei, H., Nie, C., Ma, G. & Song, M. (2016). Adjusting irradiance to enhance growth and lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated with monosodium glutamate wastewater. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 162(1), 619-624.
Kee-Lam, M., Iqram-Yusoff, M., Uemura, Y., Wei-Lim, J., Gek-Khoo, C., Teong-Lee, K. & Chyuan-Ong, H. (2016). Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using nutrients source from domestic wastewater for biodiesel production: Growth condition and kinetic studies. Renewable Energy, 103(1), 197-207.
Kim, J., Lee, J. & Lu, T. (2015). A model for autotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris under photolimitation and photoinhibition in cylindrical photobioreactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 99(1), 55-60.
Knothe, G. (2010). Calidad del combustible biodiesel y la norma astm. Palmas 31(Especial), 162-171.
Kumar, G., Sivagurunathan, P., Pugazhendhi, A., Thi, NBD., Zhen G., & Chandrasekhar K. (2017). A comprehensive overview on light independent fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater feedstock and possible integrative options. Energy Convers Manag, 141, 390–402.
Kumar-Enamala M., Enamala S., Chavali M., Jagadish D., Yadavalli R., Kolapalli B., Vasu-Aradhyula T., Velpuri J., y Kuppam Ch. (2018). Production of biofuels from microalgae. A review on cultivation,harvesting, lipid extraction, and numerous applications of microalgae. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 94, 49–68.
Montoya, A. (2021). Cultivo de Microalgas. CITED 2021, Quito, Ecuador
Pham, H., Kwak, H. S., Hong, M., Lee, J., Chang W. S. & Sim, S. J. (2017). Development of an X-Shape airlift photobioreactor for increasing algal biomass and biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology. 239(1), 211-218.
Posten C. & Feng-Chen S. (Ed.). (2016). Microalgae biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Hannover, Germany: Editorial Springer International Publishing.
Qaria H., Rehana M., & Nizami A.S. (2017). 9th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE2017, 21-24 August 2017, Cardiff, UK Key. Issues in Microalgae Biofuels: A Short Review. Energy Procedia, 142, 898–903.
Richmond, A. (2004). Handbook of microalgal culture: Biotechnology and applied phycology. Blackwell Science Ltd.
Robles Heredia, J.C. (2014). Evaluación de la productividad de lípidos en Chlorella vulgaris y Scenedesmus obliquus bajo dos modos de limitación de nitrógeno en fotobiorreactores tipo airlift y columna de burbujeo. [Tesis de Doctorado]. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, México.
Ruiz-Marin, A., Mendoza-Espinosa, L., & Stephenson, T. (2010). Growth and nutrient removal in free and immobilized green algae in batch and semi-continuous cultures treating real wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 101, 58-64.
Sadeghizadeh, A., Farhad dad F., Moghaddasi, L. & Rahimi R. (2017). CO2 capture from air by Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in an airlift photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 243(1), 441-447.
Shi, J., Pandey, P. K., Franz, A. K. Deng, H., & Jeannotte, R. (2016). Chlorella vulgaris production enhancement with supplementation of synthetic medium in dairy manure wastewater. AMB Express, 6(15), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0184-1
Trivedi J., Aila M., Bangwal D.P., Kaul S., & Garg M.O. (2015). Algae based biorefinery—how to make sense? Renew Sustain Energy Rev.47, 295–307.
Wu J., Alam M.A., Pan Y , Huang D., Wang Z., & Wang T. (2017). Enhanced extraction of lipids from microalgae with eco-friendly mixture of methanol and ethyl ac- etate for biodiesel production. Journal Taiwan Institute Chemical Engineering, 71, 32-39.
Zhan J , Zhang Q , Qin M., y Hong Y. (2016). Selection and characterization of eight fresh- water green algae strains for synchronous water purification and lipid production. Front Environ Sci Eng, 10(3), 548–58.
Al-Ameri, M. & Al-Zuhair, S. (2019). Using switchable solvents for enhanced, simultaneous microalgae oil extraction-reaction for biodiesel production. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 141, 217–224.
Alishah Aratboni, H., Rafiei, N., Garcia-Granados, R., Alemzadeh, A., & Morones-Ramírez, J. R. (2019). Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications. In Microbial Cell Factories (Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 1– 17). BioMed Central Ltd.
Anto, S., Mukherjee, S. S., Muthappa, R., Mathimani, T., Deviram, G., Kumar, S. S., Verma, T. N., & Pugazhendhi, A. (2020). Algae as green energy reserve: Technological outlook on biofuel production. Chemosphere, 242, 125079.
Arguelles, E. D., Laurena, A. C., Monsalud, R. G., 6 Martinez-Goss, M. R. (2018). Fatty acid profile and fuel-derived physicochemical properties of biodiesel obtained from an indigenous green microalga, Desmodesmus sp. (I-AU1), as potential source of renewable lipid and high quality biodiesel. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30(1), 411–419.
Ashok, V., Shriwastav, A., Bose, P., & Gupta, S. K. (2019). Phycoremediation of wastewater using algal-bacterial photobioreactor: Effect of nutrient load and light intensity. Bioresource Technology Reports, 7(March), 100205.
Babcock, R.W., Malda, J., & Radway, C. (2002). Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a tubular airlift photobioreactor. Journal of Applied Phycology, 14, 169-184.
Basto-Florez, L. E., Millán-Alvarado, S. A., Medina-Caballero, L. F., Mora-Vergara, L. Z., & Caballero-Hernández, Y. T. (2022). Estudio del biodiesel obtenido a partir de aceite de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo). Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial, 20(1), 41-53.
Beal, C.M., Gerber, L.N., Sills, D.L., Huntley, M.E., Machesky, S.C., & Walsh, M. J. (2015). Algal biofuel production for fuels and feed in a 100-ha facility: a comprehensive techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment. Algal Res-Biomass Biofuels Bioprod, 10, 66–79.
Bligh, E.G., & Dyer, W.J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol, 8, 911–917.
Castillo, Omar S., Torres-Badajoz, S. G., Núñez-Colín, C. A., Peña-Caballero, V., Herrera Méndez, C. H., & Rodríguez-Núñez, J. R. (2017). Producción de biodiésel a partir de microalgas: avances y perspectivas biotecnológicas. Hidrobiológica, 27(3), 337-352.
Castellanos, I. C., González-Peralta, K., & Pinzón-Torres, S. J. (2020). Microalgas como alternativa sostenible para la producción de biodiesel. Revista Ontare, 6. https://doi.org/10.21158/23823399.v6.n0.2018.2425
Cerri, M.O., Futiwaki, L., Cruz, A.J., & Badino, A.C. (2008). Average shear rate for non-Newtonian fluids in a concentric-tube airlift bioreactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39, 51–57.
Chandrasekhar K, Lee Y-J., & Lee D-W. (2015). Biohydrogen production: strategies to improve process efficiency through microbial routes. Int J Mol Sci Int J Mol Sci, 16, 8266–93.
Chew K.W., Chia S.R., Show P.L., Yap Y.J., Ling T.C., & Chang J.S. (2018). Effects of water culture medium, cultivation systems and growth modes for microalgae cultivation: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1–13.
Chiu, S., Kao, C., Chen, C., Kuan, T., Ong, S. & Lin, C. (2008). Reduction of CO2 by a high-density culture of Chlorella sp. in a semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 99(9), 3389-3396.
De Jesus, S. S., Ferreira, G. F., Moreira, L. S., Wolf Maciel, M. R., & Maciel Filho, R. (2019). Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from wet microalgae using green solvents. Renewable Energy, 143, 130–141.
Deconinck, N., Muylaert, K., Ivens, W., & Vandamme, D. (2018). Innovative harvesting processes for microalgae biomass production: A perspective from patent literature. In Algal Research (Vol. 31, pp. 469–477). Elsevier B.V.
Doran, P. M. (1995). Bioprocess engineering principles . London: Academic Press Limited.
Gómez-Luna, L., Tormos-Cedeño, L., & Ortega-Díaz, Y. (2022). Cultivo y aplicaciones de Chlorella vulgaris: principales tendencias y potencialidades en la agricultura. Tecnología Química, 42(1), 70-93. Epub 30 de abril de 2022.
González Lazo, Y., Rodríguez Ramos P.A., Sánchez Borroto, Y.S., et al. (2019). Diseño y simulación de un fotobiorreactor para el cultivo de la microalga Chlorella Vulgaris. Ing. Mecánica. 22(3), 169-77.
Guillard, R.R.L., & Ryther, J.H. (1962) Studies on Marine Planktonic Diatoms I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8, 229-239.
Jiang, L., Ji, Y., Hu, W., Pei, H., Nie, C., Ma, G. & Song, M. (2016). Adjusting irradiance to enhance growth and lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated with monosodium glutamate wastewater. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 162(1), 619-624.
Kee-Lam, M., Iqram-Yusoff, M., Uemura, Y., Wei-Lim, J., Gek-Khoo, C., Teong-Lee, K. & Chyuan-Ong, H. (2016). Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using nutrients source from domestic wastewater for biodiesel production: Growth condition and kinetic studies. Renewable Energy, 103(1), 197-207.
Kim, J., Lee, J. & Lu, T. (2015). A model for autotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris under photolimitation and photoinhibition in cylindrical photobioreactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 99(1), 55-60.
Knothe, G. (2010). Calidad del combustible biodiesel y la norma astm. Palmas 31(Especial), 162-171.
Kumar, G., Sivagurunathan, P., Pugazhendhi, A., Thi, NBD., Zhen G., & Chandrasekhar K. (2017). A comprehensive overview on light independent fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater feedstock and possible integrative options. Energy Convers Manag, 141, 390–402.
Kumar-Enamala M., Enamala S., Chavali M., Jagadish D., Yadavalli R., Kolapalli B., Vasu-Aradhyula T., Velpuri J., y Kuppam Ch. (2018). Production of biofuels from microalgae. A review on cultivation,harvesting, lipid extraction, and numerous applications of microalgae. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 94, 49–68.
Montoya, A. (2021). Cultivo de Microalgas. CITED 2021, Quito, Ecuador
Pham, H., Kwak, H. S., Hong, M., Lee, J., Chang W. S. & Sim, S. J. (2017). Development of an X-Shape airlift photobioreactor for increasing algal biomass and biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology. 239(1), 211-218.
Posten C. & Feng-Chen S. (Ed.). (2016). Microalgae biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Hannover, Germany: Editorial Springer International Publishing.
Qaria H., Rehana M., & Nizami A.S. (2017). 9th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE2017, 21-24 August 2017, Cardiff, UK Key. Issues in Microalgae Biofuels: A Short Review. Energy Procedia, 142, 898–903.
Richmond, A. (2004). Handbook of microalgal culture: Biotechnology and applied phycology. Blackwell Science Ltd.
Robles Heredia, J.C. (2014). Evaluación de la productividad de lípidos en Chlorella vulgaris y Scenedesmus obliquus bajo dos modos de limitación de nitrógeno en fotobiorreactores tipo airlift y columna de burbujeo. [Tesis de Doctorado]. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, México.
Ruiz-Marin, A., Mendoza-Espinosa, L., & Stephenson, T. (2010). Growth and nutrient removal in free and immobilized green algae in batch and semi-continuous cultures treating real wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 101, 58-64.
Sadeghizadeh, A., Farhad dad F., Moghaddasi, L. & Rahimi R. (2017). CO2 capture from air by Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in an airlift photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 243(1), 441-447.
Shi, J., Pandey, P. K., Franz, A. K. Deng, H., & Jeannotte, R. (2016). Chlorella vulgaris production enhancement with supplementation of synthetic medium in dairy manure wastewater. AMB Express, 6(15), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0184-1
Trivedi J., Aila M., Bangwal D.P., Kaul S., & Garg M.O. (2015). Algae based biorefinery—how to make sense? Renew Sustain Energy Rev.47, 295–307.
Wu J., Alam M.A., Pan Y , Huang D., Wang Z., & Wang T. (2017). Enhanced extraction of lipids from microalgae with eco-friendly mixture of methanol and ethyl ac- etate for biodiesel production. Journal Taiwan Institute Chemical Engineering, 71, 32-39.
Zhan J , Zhang Q , Qin M., y Hong Y. (2016). Selection and characterization of eight fresh- water green algae strains for synchronous water purification and lipid production. Front Environ Sci Eng, 10(3), 548–58.
