Análisis comparativo del efecto de las dietas mediterránea, cetogénica, dash y mind en la prevención del alzheimer
Resumen
Examinar y contrastar cuatro patrones alimenticios para evaluar su influencia en la prevención del Alzheimer. La necesidad de este estudio surge de la falta de un análisis exhaustivo que confirme de manera definitiva la efectividad de estas dietas en la prevención de esta enfermedad. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva en la que se han incluido ensayos clínicos, revisiones sistemáticas ,metaanálisis, libros online, guías... etc. Sin embargo, para realizar la discusión solo se utilizaron artículos de estudios, ensayos clínicos y ensayos aleatorios controlados. Los parámetros de exclusión fueron: antigüedad de 5 años, artículos publicados en revistas indexadas o bases de datos como Pubmed, COCHRANE o Google Scholar, con un factor de impacto igual o superior a 1,5. Se ha evidenciado que las cuatro dietas pueden ofrecer beneficios en la prevención del Alzheimer. Sin embargo, para seleccionar la dieta más efectiva en la prevención de esta enfermedad es necesario tener en cuenta los diferentes tipos de abordajes nutricionales como la realización de actividad física conjunta para la mejora del deterioro cognitivo. Se ha demostrado que las cuatro dietas investigadas ofrecen beneficios significativos en la prevención del Alzheimer. Aunque la dieta MIND emerge como una estrategia prometedora, combinando los beneficios de las dietas Mediterránea y DASH. Es importante integrar esta dieta con prácticas como el mindfulness y la actividad física para promover la salud cerebral a largo plazo y reducir el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, maximizando así la prevención del Alzheimer.
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Roiz Cruz, L. (2025). Análisis comparativo del efecto de las dietas mediterránea, cetogénica, dash y mind en la prevención del alzheimer. MLS Health and Nutrition Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.60134/mlshnr.v4i1.2902
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1. Kumar A, Sidhu J, Goyal A, Tsao JW. Alzheimer Disease. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 14 de marzo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499922/.
2. Dissanayaka DMS, Jayasena V, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients. 31 de enero de 2024;16(3):412. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38337696/.
3. Rolandi E, Dodich A, Galluzzi S, Ferrari C, Mandelli S, Ribaldi F, et al. Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a multilevel non-pharmacologic intervention in older adults with subjective memory decline: design and baseline findings of the E.Mu.N.I. study. Aging Clin Exp Res. mayo de 2020;32(5):817-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31749018/.
4. Alzheimer’s disease [Internet]. Exonpublications.com. https://exonpublications.com/index.php/exon/issue/view/11 .
5. Dhana K, James BD, Agarwal P, Aggarwal NT, Cherian LJ, Leurgans SE, et al. MIND diet, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. J Alzheimers Dis JAD. 2021;83(2):683-92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34334393/
6. Cherian L, Wang Y, Fakuda K, Leurgans S, Aggarwal N, Morris M. Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet Slows Cognitive Decline After Stroke. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2019;6(4):267-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31686099/ .
7. Phillips MCL, Deprez LM, Mortimer GMN, Murtagh DKJ, McCoy S, Mylchreest R, et al. Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 23 de febrero de 2021;13(1):51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33622392/ .
8. Fortier M, Castellano CA, St-Pierre V, Myette-Côté É, Langlois F, Roy M, et al. A ketogenic drink improves cognition in mild cognitive impairment: Results of a 6-month RCT. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. marzo de 2021;17(3):543-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33103819/ .
9. Buchholz A, Deme P, Betz JF, Brandt J, Haughey N, Cervenka MC. A randomized feasibility trial of the modified Atkins diet in older adults with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease. Front Endocrinol. 4 de marzo de 2024;15:1182519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38505743/ .
10. Li B, He Y, Ma J, Huang P, Du J, Cao L, et al. Mild cognitive impairment has similar alterations as Alzheimer’s disease in gut microbiota. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. octubre de 2019;15(10):1357-66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434623/ .
11. Scafato E, Solfrizzi V, Custodero C, Casieri G, Falco C, Maggipinto R, et al. Associations of a biopsychosocial frailty phenotype with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other dementias: the Italian PRoject on the Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease (IPREA). GeroScience. 4 de abril de 2023;45(3):2037-49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37014539/ .
12. Clark DO, Xu H, Moser L, Adeoye P, Lin AW, Tangney CC, et al. MIND food and speed of processing training in older adults with low education, the MINDSpeed Alzheimer’s disease prevention pilot trial. Contemp Clin Trials. septiembre de 2019;84:105814. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31326523/ .
13. Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Finke K, Damoiseaux JS, Bartels C, Buerger K, Cosma NC, et al. Fornix fractional anisotropy mediates the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and memory four years later in older adults without dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 1 de abril de 2024;136:99-110. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38340637/ .
14. Liu X, Morris MC, Dhana K, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, Bishop L, etal. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline. Contemp Clin Trials. marzo de 2021;102:106270. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33434704/ .
15. Elsayed MM, Rabiee A, El Refaye GE, Elsisi HF. Aerobic Exercise with Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet Promotes Brain Cells’ Longevity despite Sex Hormone Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 4 de abril de 2022;2022:4146742. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35419166/ .
16. Liu X, Dhana K, Furtado JD, Agarwal P, Aggarwal NT, Tangney C, et al. Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants. J Nutr Sci. 16 de agosto de 2021;10:e64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34527222/ .
17. Krueger KR, Dhana K, Aggarwal NT, Arfanakis K, Carey VJ, Sacks FM, et al. Properties of the Cognitive Function Battery for the MIND Diet Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc JINS. septiembre de 2022;28(8):790-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34612190/ .
18. Komulainen P, Tuomilehto J, Savonen K, Männikkö R, Hassinen M, Lakka TA, et al. Exercise, diet, and cognition in a 4-year randomized controlled trial: Dose- Responses to Exercise Training (DR’s EXTRA). Am J Clin Nutr. 19 de marzo de 2021;113(6):1428-39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33742194/ .
19. Paknahad Z, Sheklabadi E, Derakhshan Y, Bagherniya M, Chitsaz A. The effect of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A randomized clinical controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. mayo de 2020;50:102366. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32444045/ .
20. Masood W, Annamaraju P, Khan Suheb MZ, Uppaluri KR. Ketogenic Diet. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 5 de mayo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499830/ .
21. Tsolaki M, Lazarou E, Kozori M, Petridou N, Tabakis I, Lazarou I, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Greek High Phenolic Early Harvest Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The MICOIL Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis JAD. 2020;78(2):801-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33044178/ .
22. Rishor-Olney CR, Hinson MR. Mediterranean Diet. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 14 de marzo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557733/ .
23. Tangney CC, Li H, Wang Y, Barnes L, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, et al. Relation of DASH- and Mediterranean-like dietary patterns to cognitive decline in older persons. Neurology. 14 de octubre de 2014;83(16):1410-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4206157/ .
24. Hoscheidt S, Sanderlin AH, Baker LD, Jung Y, Lockhart S, Kellar D, et al. Mediterranean and Western diet effects on Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, cerebral perfusion, and cognition in mid-life: A randomized trial. Alzheimers Dement. marzo de 2022;18(3):457-68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310044/ .
25. Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA, Geromichalos G, Lazarou E, Kozori M, et al. Administration of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients as a therapy for preventing the progress to AD. Hell J Nucl Med. 2019;22 Suppl 2:181. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31802059/ .
26. Domínguez-López I, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Martínez-González MÁ, Fitó M, Ros E, et al. Serum vitamin B12 concentration is associated with improved memory in older individuals with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Clin Nutr. 1 de diciembre de 2023;42(12):2562-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37948836/ .
27. NCT04701957. The Ketogenic Diet for Alzheimer’s Disease. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04701957 [Internet]. 28 de febrero de 2021 [citado 5 de mayo de 2024]; https://www.cochranelibrary.com/es/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN- 02233831/full?highlightAbstract=alzheimer%7Cketogen%7Cdiet%7Cketogenic%7Cal zheim .
28. Myette-Côté É, St-Pierre V, Beaulieu S, Castellano CA, Fortier M, Plourde M, et al. The effect of a 6-month ketogenic medium-chain triglyceride supplement on plasma cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in mild cognitive impairment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2021 [citado 5 de mayo de 2024];169. https://www.plefa.com/article/S0952- 3278(20)30194-0/abstract .
29. O’Neill B, Raggi P. The ketogenic diet: Pros and cons. Atherosclerosis. enero de 2020;292:119-26. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31805451/ .
30. Hall KD, Guo J, Courville AB, Boring J, Brychta R, Chen KY, et al. Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake. Nat Med. febrero de 2021;27(2):344-53.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33479499/ .
31. Antonio Paoli A, Mancin L, Caprio M, Monti E, Narici MV, Cenci L, et al. Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 16 de septiembre de 2021;18(1):62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34530857/ .
32. Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, et al. APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits. Nutrients. 2 de noviembre de 2021;13(11):3924. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624753/ ,
33. Challa HJ, Ameer MA, Uppaluri KR. DASH Diet To Stop Hypertension. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 14 de marzo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482514/.
34. Plan de alimentación DASH | NHLBI, NIH [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2 de junio de 2024]. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash-eating-plan .
35. Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, Mihas CC, Dimitriadis KS, Sotiropoulou LI, et al. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Blood Pressure Reduction in Adults with and without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr. 1 de septiembre de 2020;11(5):1150-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330233/ .
36. 281220_031756_7928853835.pdf [Internet]. [citado 2 de junio de 2024]. https://www.seen.es/ModulGEX/workspace/publico/modulos/web/docs/apartados/186 7/281220_031756_7928853835.pdf
37. Blumenthal JA, Smith PJ, Mabe S, Hinderliter A, Lin PH, Liao L, et al. Lifestyle and neurocognition in older adults with cognitive impairments: A randomized trial. Neurology. 15 de enero de 2019;92(3):e212-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30568005/ .
38. Smith PJ, Mabe SM, Sherwood A, Doraiswamy PM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Burke JR, et al. Metabolic and Neurocognitive Changes Following Lifestyle Modification: Examination of Biomarkers from the ENLIGHTEN Randomized Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis JAD. 2020;77(4):1793-803. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32925039/ .
39. Wright KD, Klatt MD, Adams IR, Nguyen CM, Mion LC, Tan A, et al. Mindfulness in Motion and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in Hypertensive African Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. marzo de 2021;69(3):773-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33227157/
40. Barnes LL, Dhana K, Liu X, Carey VJ, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, et al. Trial of the MIND Diet for Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Older Persons. N Engl J Med. 17 de agosto de 2023;389(7):602-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37466280/
41. Arjmand G, Abbas-Zadeh M, Fardaei M, Eftekhari MH. The Effect of Short-term Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet on Hunger Hormones, Anthropometric Parameters, and Brain Structures in Middle-aged Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iran J Med Sci. septiembre de 2022;47(5):422-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445865/ .
2. Dissanayaka DMS, Jayasena V, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients. 31 de enero de 2024;16(3):412. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38337696/.
3. Rolandi E, Dodich A, Galluzzi S, Ferrari C, Mandelli S, Ribaldi F, et al. Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a multilevel non-pharmacologic intervention in older adults with subjective memory decline: design and baseline findings of the E.Mu.N.I. study. Aging Clin Exp Res. mayo de 2020;32(5):817-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31749018/.
4. Alzheimer’s disease [Internet]. Exonpublications.com. https://exonpublications.com/index.php/exon/issue/view/11 .
5. Dhana K, James BD, Agarwal P, Aggarwal NT, Cherian LJ, Leurgans SE, et al. MIND diet, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. J Alzheimers Dis JAD. 2021;83(2):683-92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34334393/
6. Cherian L, Wang Y, Fakuda K, Leurgans S, Aggarwal N, Morris M. Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet Slows Cognitive Decline After Stroke. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2019;6(4):267-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31686099/ .
7. Phillips MCL, Deprez LM, Mortimer GMN, Murtagh DKJ, McCoy S, Mylchreest R, et al. Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 23 de febrero de 2021;13(1):51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33622392/ .
8. Fortier M, Castellano CA, St-Pierre V, Myette-Côté É, Langlois F, Roy M, et al. A ketogenic drink improves cognition in mild cognitive impairment: Results of a 6-month RCT. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. marzo de 2021;17(3):543-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33103819/ .
9. Buchholz A, Deme P, Betz JF, Brandt J, Haughey N, Cervenka MC. A randomized feasibility trial of the modified Atkins diet in older adults with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease. Front Endocrinol. 4 de marzo de 2024;15:1182519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38505743/ .
10. Li B, He Y, Ma J, Huang P, Du J, Cao L, et al. Mild cognitive impairment has similar alterations as Alzheimer’s disease in gut microbiota. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. octubre de 2019;15(10):1357-66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434623/ .
11. Scafato E, Solfrizzi V, Custodero C, Casieri G, Falco C, Maggipinto R, et al. Associations of a biopsychosocial frailty phenotype with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other dementias: the Italian PRoject on the Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease (IPREA). GeroScience. 4 de abril de 2023;45(3):2037-49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37014539/ .
12. Clark DO, Xu H, Moser L, Adeoye P, Lin AW, Tangney CC, et al. MIND food and speed of processing training in older adults with low education, the MINDSpeed Alzheimer’s disease prevention pilot trial. Contemp Clin Trials. septiembre de 2019;84:105814. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31326523/ .
13. Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Finke K, Damoiseaux JS, Bartels C, Buerger K, Cosma NC, et al. Fornix fractional anisotropy mediates the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and memory four years later in older adults without dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 1 de abril de 2024;136:99-110. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38340637/ .
14. Liu X, Morris MC, Dhana K, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, Bishop L, etal. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline. Contemp Clin Trials. marzo de 2021;102:106270. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33434704/ .
15. Elsayed MM, Rabiee A, El Refaye GE, Elsisi HF. Aerobic Exercise with Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet Promotes Brain Cells’ Longevity despite Sex Hormone Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 4 de abril de 2022;2022:4146742. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35419166/ .
16. Liu X, Dhana K, Furtado JD, Agarwal P, Aggarwal NT, Tangney C, et al. Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants. J Nutr Sci. 16 de agosto de 2021;10:e64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34527222/ .
17. Krueger KR, Dhana K, Aggarwal NT, Arfanakis K, Carey VJ, Sacks FM, et al. Properties of the Cognitive Function Battery for the MIND Diet Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc JINS. septiembre de 2022;28(8):790-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34612190/ .
18. Komulainen P, Tuomilehto J, Savonen K, Männikkö R, Hassinen M, Lakka TA, et al. Exercise, diet, and cognition in a 4-year randomized controlled trial: Dose- Responses to Exercise Training (DR’s EXTRA). Am J Clin Nutr. 19 de marzo de 2021;113(6):1428-39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33742194/ .
19. Paknahad Z, Sheklabadi E, Derakhshan Y, Bagherniya M, Chitsaz A. The effect of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A randomized clinical controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. mayo de 2020;50:102366. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32444045/ .
20. Masood W, Annamaraju P, Khan Suheb MZ, Uppaluri KR. Ketogenic Diet. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 5 de mayo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499830/ .
21. Tsolaki M, Lazarou E, Kozori M, Petridou N, Tabakis I, Lazarou I, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Greek High Phenolic Early Harvest Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The MICOIL Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis JAD. 2020;78(2):801-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33044178/ .
22. Rishor-Olney CR, Hinson MR. Mediterranean Diet. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 14 de marzo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557733/ .
23. Tangney CC, Li H, Wang Y, Barnes L, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, et al. Relation of DASH- and Mediterranean-like dietary patterns to cognitive decline in older persons. Neurology. 14 de octubre de 2014;83(16):1410-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4206157/ .
24. Hoscheidt S, Sanderlin AH, Baker LD, Jung Y, Lockhart S, Kellar D, et al. Mediterranean and Western diet effects on Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, cerebral perfusion, and cognition in mid-life: A randomized trial. Alzheimers Dement. marzo de 2022;18(3):457-68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310044/ .
25. Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA, Geromichalos G, Lazarou E, Kozori M, et al. Administration of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients as a therapy for preventing the progress to AD. Hell J Nucl Med. 2019;22 Suppl 2:181. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31802059/ .
26. Domínguez-López I, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Martínez-González MÁ, Fitó M, Ros E, et al. Serum vitamin B12 concentration is associated with improved memory in older individuals with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Clin Nutr. 1 de diciembre de 2023;42(12):2562-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37948836/ .
27. NCT04701957. The Ketogenic Diet for Alzheimer’s Disease. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04701957 [Internet]. 28 de febrero de 2021 [citado 5 de mayo de 2024]; https://www.cochranelibrary.com/es/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN- 02233831/full?highlightAbstract=alzheimer%7Cketogen%7Cdiet%7Cketogenic%7Cal zheim .
28. Myette-Côté É, St-Pierre V, Beaulieu S, Castellano CA, Fortier M, Plourde M, et al. The effect of a 6-month ketogenic medium-chain triglyceride supplement on plasma cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in mild cognitive impairment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2021 [citado 5 de mayo de 2024];169. https://www.plefa.com/article/S0952- 3278(20)30194-0/abstract .
29. O’Neill B, Raggi P. The ketogenic diet: Pros and cons. Atherosclerosis. enero de 2020;292:119-26. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31805451/ .
30. Hall KD, Guo J, Courville AB, Boring J, Brychta R, Chen KY, et al. Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake. Nat Med. febrero de 2021;27(2):344-53.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33479499/ .
31. Antonio Paoli A, Mancin L, Caprio M, Monti E, Narici MV, Cenci L, et al. Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 16 de septiembre de 2021;18(1):62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34530857/ .
32. Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, et al. APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits. Nutrients. 2 de noviembre de 2021;13(11):3924. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624753/ ,
33. Challa HJ, Ameer MA, Uppaluri KR. DASH Diet To Stop Hypertension. En: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [citado 14 de marzo de 2024]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482514/.
34. Plan de alimentación DASH | NHLBI, NIH [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2 de junio de 2024]. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash-eating-plan .
35. Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, Mihas CC, Dimitriadis KS, Sotiropoulou LI, et al. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Blood Pressure Reduction in Adults with and without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr. 1 de septiembre de 2020;11(5):1150-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330233/ .
36. 281220_031756_7928853835.pdf [Internet]. [citado 2 de junio de 2024]. https://www.seen.es/ModulGEX/workspace/publico/modulos/web/docs/apartados/186 7/281220_031756_7928853835.pdf
37. Blumenthal JA, Smith PJ, Mabe S, Hinderliter A, Lin PH, Liao L, et al. Lifestyle and neurocognition in older adults with cognitive impairments: A randomized trial. Neurology. 15 de enero de 2019;92(3):e212-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30568005/ .
38. Smith PJ, Mabe SM, Sherwood A, Doraiswamy PM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Burke JR, et al. Metabolic and Neurocognitive Changes Following Lifestyle Modification: Examination of Biomarkers from the ENLIGHTEN Randomized Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis JAD. 2020;77(4):1793-803. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32925039/ .
39. Wright KD, Klatt MD, Adams IR, Nguyen CM, Mion LC, Tan A, et al. Mindfulness in Motion and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in Hypertensive African Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. marzo de 2021;69(3):773-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33227157/
40. Barnes LL, Dhana K, Liu X, Carey VJ, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, et al. Trial of the MIND Diet for Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Older Persons. N Engl J Med. 17 de agosto de 2023;389(7):602-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37466280/
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